A significant decrease in the frequency, duration and intensity of TTH as well as positive changes in daily life activities and reduction of anxiety and sleep disorders manifestations, which are the risk factors for TTH, were demonstrated during the treatment with noophen. Starting from the first month of treatment, there was a significant decrease in the number of days completely lost because of headache and days with the reduced activity (a decrease in the productivity by >50%).
The consequences of the traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children and adolescents represent a major medical and social problem, as TBI interferes in the normal processes of neuroontogenesis. Brain damage in TBI in children and adolescents occurs during the ongoing processes of its growth and maturation, and therefore the clinical course and outcomes may differ significantly from those in adults. Poor outcomes of TBI sustained in early childhood may be explained considerably by the timing of injury in a period of rapid brain and behavioral development. Thus, TBI has a negative impact on the cognitive function development, behavior, school education, and social skills acquisition. Cognitive and behavioral disorders in children and adolescents in the long-term period of TBI become more prominent in co-occurrence with paroxysmal disorders, including posttraumatic headaches, posttraumatic epilepsy, and subclinical epileptiform activity on the EEG. In general, a favorable outcome is possible in children more often than adults even after severe TBI, due to the high neuroplasticity of the developing brain. Therapeutic and rehabilitation measures in the long-term period of TBI in children and adolescents should be intensively carried out both in the first 12 months after TBI, when the most significant results from their use are expected, and in the long-term period, considering the ongoing processes of morpho-functional maturation and neuroplasticity mechanisms.
There has been a shift in the spectrum of diseases in preterm infants recorded recently: a significant improvement in survival rates has been achieved as well as a decrease in severe forms of cerebral palsy. However, many children born prematurely show manifestations of CNS developmental disorders, which include motor, cognitive and behavioral disorders. Premature birth leads to a slowdown and distortion of neuroontogenesis. The article deals with the morphophysiological prerequisites for neurological development disorders in children born prematurely. The bibliographical data and own studies of neurological disorders and deviations in neuropsychic development in 122 children aged 5 to 8 y/o born prematurely with Extremely low body weight (500 to 999 g, GA 25 to 30 weeks), VLBW (1000 to 1499 g, GA 28 to 33 weeks) and LBW (1500 to 2499 g, GA 31 to 36 weeks) were analyzed. The mechanisms and frequency of occurrence in prematurely born children of violations of general intellectual development, speech, schooling skills, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, autism, dyspraxia, tics, tension headache, anxiety and behavioral disorders are discussed. Under conditions of cerebral damage in the developing brain the neuroplasticity - a process of biological adaptation associated with the structure and functional reorganization of the CNS - acquires decisive importance. The developing brain has high neuroplasticity and significant reserve capabilities, which provide the ability of the elements of the nervous tissue for adaptive restructuring and compensatory (restorative) capabilities of the brain.
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