There are considered ecological-hygienic aspects of the sensitization rate of population in residential environmental. The considerable part of the life of a person passes in conditions of residential environmental, he is exposed to the whole complex of sensitizing factors, with the house dust being the most important among these factors. Results. According to results of our research, the greatest number of allergic reactions was noted under the contact with domestic, pollen and epidermal allergens. In the structure of allergic diseases in the population the most frequent were allergic rhinitis and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. The overwhelming majority of observed cases was shown to suffer from functional disorders of the autonomic nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and there was also observed the presence of chronic foci of inflammation. As a result of the executed comprehensive hygienic evaluation of the quality of residential environment there was established that in conditions of residential and public buildings the array of chemicals also had allergical effect on population. Discussion. The complex chemical pollutants of the residential environment in isolation was shown to fail to exert anaphylactogenic activity, whereas in complex with house dust allergen there are revealed the decline in immunological indices of the nonspecific resistance and inhibition of functional activity of T-suppressors, and amplification of immediate hypersensitivity in condition of impact of allergical complex of domestic dust. The existence of disorders of different functional systems of organism also provokes the development of the state of the hypersensitivity of population. Conclusions. The sensitization of the population was shown to be directly affected by the combined effect on human sensitization with allergenic components of house dust and chemical pollutants. Factors contributing to the development and occurrence of allergic pathologies among the population include: the level of chemical contamination of residential environment, various functional disorders of the body systems, which give rise in increased sensitization of the population.
There is presented an overview of studies devoted to the assessment of 50 Hz electromagnetic the radiations in the indoor environment and their impact on the human body. The classification of household appliances depending on their location has been proposed. The levels of intensity of electric and magnetic fields generated by power-frequency (50 Hz) current from a variety of household appliances have been determined. The ranking of household appliances in dependence on the intensity of electromagnetic the radiations has been made. There was performed an estimation of the intensity of electromagnetic fields in dependence on the regimen of the usage of appliances.
The article gives the review of criteria for the assessment of an electromagnetic situation near power lines. Settlement modeling has been executed and the actual data is characterizing a condition of the electric and magnetic field in the territory near power lines of 500 kV and 220 kV. The research of the impact of the power-frequency magnetic field from power lines in the apartments on the example of the building under construction located at distance of 60 m from the power line of 500 kV is reported. Values of the magnetic flux density at the borders of sanitary-protective zones of power lines were shown to meet Russian sanitary standards. At the same time outside this zone to the adjacent residential areas, there was fixed the excess in the performance of the magnetic flux density according to the standards recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). The measurement of the magnetic flux density on different floors of the building under construction has shown that the maxima, recognized at floors 4 and 5 (0.3 mT) are on the border of the range recommended by the WHO; in case of the recalculation of these values on a maximum load of the line an obvious excess of the indices recommended by the WHO is observed. Thus, the area of the residential development in modern conditions may actually be located in the strip residential areas with uncertain criteria of the safety assessment, respectively, the population living in such conditions, is a potential contingent for epidemiological surveys on the program of the international electromagnetic WHO project.
The article gives an assessment of levels of the power of 50Hz frequency electromagnetic fields from different sources in the places of a person’s longest indoor and office environment stay - a workplace equipped with a personal computer, a desktop in the kitchen, a sofa in the living room. An electric field intensity and magnetic induction from different sources by their simultaneous operation were shown to be not added arithmetically; at the same time total indices of electromagnetic impact on a person are maximum at a workplace. The average evaluation of electric field intensity in this case can reach 160.5 V/m, the average evaluation of the level of magnetic induction is 0.3 mT.
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