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The decomposition of the Mueller matrix of blood films has been carried out using differential matrices with polarized and depolarized parts. The use of a coherent reference wave is applied and the algorithm of digital holographic reconstruction of the field of complex amplitudes is used. On this basis, the 3D Mueller-matrix diffuse tomography method—the reconstruction of distributions of fluctuations of linear and circular birefringence of depolarizing polycrystalline films of human blood is analytically justified and experimentally tested. The dynamics of the change in the magnitude of the statistical moments of the first-fourth order, which characterize layer-by-layer distributions of fluctuations in the phase anisotropy of the blood film, is examined and analyzed. The most sensitive parameters for prostate cancer are the statistical moments of the third and fourth orders, which characterize the asymmetry and kurtosis of fluctuations in the linear and circular birefringence of blood films. The excellent accuracy of differentiation obtained polycrystalline films of blood from healthy donors and patients with cancer patients was achieved.

A method for polarization filtering, correlation processing, and wavelet analysis of coherent images of physiologically normal and necrotically changed (myocardium infarct) muscle tissue is presented. A technique for early optical diagnosis of the appearance of these biological tissues and the course of their degenerative-dystrophic changes is proposed.

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We analyze and experimentally test the concept of laser polarization biotissue probing. The methods of increasing the SNR in coherent images of the optically anisotropic architectonics of the morphological biotissue structure are considered. The possibilities of polarization selection and contrasting of such images screened by other biotissues are examined. The influence of the depolarization degree of the scattered background on the SNR is investigated. The possibilities of polarization correction of the probing beam for contrasting biotissue images are analyzed.