No abstract

No abstract

A 501 bp caf1 gene fragment and a 443 bp of pla gene fragment carried by 100 kb (pFra) and 10 kb (pPst) species-specific extrachromosomal replicons, respectively, were used as targets to study the conditions under which DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) may be applied to detect and identify Yersinia pestis DNA in cell lysates of pure cultures and biological samples. The sensitivity limit of PCR with the crude cell lysates of Y. pestis EV was estimated as 10-50 cfu in reaction mixture. When target Y. pestis EV cells were mixed with fresh blood of white mice, which contained 0.4% potassium citrate, the PCR detection level varied from 400 to 100 cfu ml-1 of blood depending on the method used for preparing the sample. In our tests PCR was effective for the detection of yersinia in the blood of white laboratory mice experimentally infected with virulent Y. pestis KM638 strain. This method can be considered convenient for routine detection and identification of Y. pestis.

Internal surface, formation factor, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)-T2 relaxation times and pore radius distributions were measured on representative core samples for the estimation of hydraulic permeability. Permeability is estimated using various versions of the classic Kozeny-Carman-equation (K-C) and a further development of K-C, the fractal PaRiS-model, taking into account the internal surface. In addition to grain and pore size distribution, directly connected to permeability, internal surface reflects the internal structure (''micro morphology''). Lithologies could be grouped with respect to differences in internal surface. Most melt rich impact breccia lithologies exhibit large internal surfaces, while Tertiary post-impact sediments and Cretaceous lithologies in displaced megablocks display smaller internal surfaces. Investigations with scanning electron microscopy confirm the correlation between internal surface and micro morphology. In addition to different versions of K-C, estimations by means of NMR, pore radius distributions and some gas permeability measurements serve for cross-checking and calibration. In general, the different estimations from the independent methods and the measurements are in satisfactory accordance.For Tertiary limestones and Suevites bulk with very high porosities (up to 35%) permeabilites between 10 -14 and 10 -16 m 2 are found, whereas in lower Suevite, Cretaceous anhydrites and dolomites, bulk permeabilites are between 10 -15 and 10 -23 m 2 .

No abstract

SUMMARY A new investigation of the thermal conductivity of the drill cores from the research drill hole Nördlingen 1973 in the Ries impact structure was conducted. The 1206 m deep drill hole penetrated 331 m of post‐impact lake formations, then 275 m of suevitic impact formations with varying amounts of large crystalline basement blocks and then 600 m of fractured, displaced basement blocks containing appreciable amounts of dyke breccias. The main purpose of the measurements was to see the signature of the shock effects in the thermal properties of the impact formations. The use of the new non‐contact optical scanning instrument allowed measurements with a resolution of a few centimetres. A complicated preparation of the samples was not required. Thermal conductivity values on dry and on water‐saturated drill cores and thermal inhomogeneity factors were obtained for samples with a spacing of about 2 m. It could be shown that the thermal conductivity is extremely inhomogeneous on various scales and that there is a close relation with the degree of shock and thermal transformation of the target rocks. An improved theoretical model for the thermal conductivity of rocks taking into account the form of grains, pores and cracks and using measurements on dry and saturated cores yields information on the porous space of the rock samples. Correlations between the thermal conductivity and other petrophysical properties determined from well logging data were found. They allow other physical properties to be predicted from the conductivity values. The new thermal conductivity data together with temperature logging data also gave the possibility of making new estimates of the undisturbed heat flow density in the crater area (90–95 mW m−2), with about 30 per cent higher values than previous estimates. A significant increase of the heat flow density in the upper part of the structure indicates fluid migration from deeper parts. The absence of thermal anisotropy in crystalline rocks, increasing thermal conductivity with depth and increasing heat flow density may be characteristic features of impact structures.

Twenty-seven species of Heteroptera from the Upper Iiassic of Dobbertin, Mecklenburg, and East Lower Saxony are redescribed and reclassified as follows. PROGONOCIMICIDAE (= Actinoscytinidae and Eocimicidae) :Progonocimex jurassicus, P.liasinus (= Eocimex liasinus); Eocercopis ancyloptera, E. similis (= Cercoprisca similis); Archicercopis falcata. ARCHEGOCIMICIDAE (= Eonabidae and Diatillidae): Archegocimex geinitzi, A.primitiva (=Eonabis primitive), A.1iadis (= Archegocoris liadis)

No abstract