New heat flow data from the immediate vicinity of the Kola super-deep borehole: Vertical variation in heat flow confirmed and attributed to advection

Mottaghy, Darius; Schellschmidt, R.; Popov, Yu. A.; Clauser, Christoph; Kukkonen, Ilmo; Nover, G.; Milanovsky, S. Yu.; Romushkevich, R.

doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2005.03.005

Cited by 55 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…This method was applied successfully to crystalline rocks (e.g., He et al, 2008;Popov et. al., 1999) as well as to sedimentary rocks (e.g., Clauser, 2006;Fuchs and Förster, 2010;Hartmann et al, 2005Hartmann et al, , 2008Homoth et al, 2008;Liu et al, 2011;Majorowicz et al, 2008;Mottaghy et al, 2005;Norden and Förster, 2006;Orilski et al, 2010;Popov et al, 1995Popov et al, , 2003Popov et al, , 2010Popov et al, , 2011Schütz et al, 2012). It involved the measurement of TC under ambient temperature and pressure, which is in contrast to the other widely used method, the divided-bar technique (DB).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of common mixing models for calculating bulk thermal conductivity of sedimentary rocks: Correction charts and new conversion equations

et al. 2013

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Vice versa, using these parameters, the BTC can be determined for saturation fluids of different thermal conductivity (TC). In this paper, the goodness-of-fit between measured and calculated BTC values of sedimentary rocks has been evaluated for two-component (rock matrix and pores) models that are used widely in geothermics: arithmetic mean, geometric mean, harmonic mean, Hashin and Shtrikman mean, and effective-medium theory mean. The examined set of samples consisted of 1147 TC data in the interval 1.0 to 6.5 W/(mK). The quality of fit was studied separately for the influence of lithotype (sandstone, mudstone, limestone, dolomite), saturation fluid (water and isooctane), and rock anisotropy (parallel and perpendicular to bedding). From the studied models, the geometric mean displays the best, however not satisfying correspondence between calculated and measured BTC. To improve the fit of all models, respective correction equations are calculated. The "corrected" geometric mean provides the most satisfying results and constitutes a universally applicable model for sedimentary rocks. In addition, the application of the herein presented correction equations allows a significant improvement of the accuracy of existing BTC data calculated on the basis of the other mean models. Finally, lithotype-specific conversion equations are provided permitting a calculation of the water-saturated BTC from data of dry-measured BTC and porosity (e.g., well log derived porosity) with no use of any mixing model. For all studied lithotypes, these correction and conversion equations usually reproduce the BTC with an uncertainty < 10%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of common mixing models for calculating bulk thermal conductivity of sedimentary rocks: Correction charts and new conversion equations

et al. 2013

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“…Other basaltic lavas erupted from feeder dykes covered parts of northern Kola, emanating from igneous centres in the East Barents uplifting rocks proceed through a horizontally-stratified, thermal boundary layer (the apatite partial annealing zone or APAZ) and that past and present geothermal gradients can be defined (Gunnell, 2000). In the Kola Superdeep borehole (SG-3), the geothermal gradient is 18°C/km (Mottaghy et al, 2005). Assuming that AFT samples are not affected by reheating, for this geothermal gradient the APAZ is reached at 60-120°C (Gallagher et al, 1998) when the sample is within 3-6 km of the surface.…”

Section: Dykesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The modern geothermal gradient on the Kola Peninsula is more complex than this, with greatest heat loss in the upper 2 km of the crust in the crucial PAZ and with significant lateral variations in heat flow. A total of 14 high-precision temperature logs and the re-evaluation of 22 analogue borehole logs from the 1960s across the Kola Peninsula yielded temperature gradients in the upper 2 km varying from 5 to 20 K/km (Mottaghy et al, 2005), suggesting that heat flow has been strongly influenced by cold groundwaters generated during Pleistocene glaciations (Kukkonen et al, 1998;. With these geothermal gradients, the APAZ is reached at depths of ≥3 km.…”

Section: Dykesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phanerozoic denudation across the Kola Peninsula, Northwest Russia: implications for long-term stability of Precambrian shield margins

Hall¹

2015

NJG

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Contrasting views exist on the stability of the Earth's shield regions over the last 1 Ga that have major implications for reconstructing erosion patterns on shields and the supply of sediment to intra-cratonic and marginal basins. This paper explores Phanerozoic denudation rates and patterns on the northern part of the Fennoscandian Shield in the Kola Peninsula, Northwest Russia. This shield region was intruded by magmatic rocks of the Kola Alkaline Province (KAP) in the Devonian and Early Carboniferous. The KAP comprises a varied suite of alkali-ultramafic plutonic and hypabyssal intrusions, diatremes and dykes that was emplaced at various depths in the crust and allows assessment of depths and rates of erosion during and since the KAP magmatic episode. Further evidence of long-term denudation is provided by Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic cover rocks found around the margins of the Kola Peninsula and in the White Sea. The burial and exhumation history is compared to available Apatite Fission Track (AFT) data for the Kola Peninsula and adjacent areas. Post-Devonian denudation rates on the shield rocks of the Kola Peninsula have varied in space and time. Around the periphery of the Kola Peninsula, low long-term denudation of shield rocks is indicated by the survival of Riphean cover rocks and Late Devonian lavas, kimberlite crater facies and near-surface emplacement of dykes. In contrast, in the main belts of KAP intrusions, 4-6 km of rock was removed in response to doming between 460 and 360 Ma. Deep denudation is indicated by the emplacement depths of alkaline intrusions and Phoscorite-Carbonatite pipes (PCPs). Erosion on the Kola Peninsula since 360 Ma has been far more limited. Extensive, shallow, late-stage magmatism associated with PCPs, dykes and the large alkaline intrusions in the KAP indicates that erosion depths nowhere exceeded 2 km. PostDevonian denudation has removed <1 km of rock from the margins of the Kola Peninsula and from the backslope of the Saariselkä-Karelia scarp in northern Finland. AFT data point to an important phase of erosion in the early Mesozoic but depths of unroofing of 3-5 km based on AFT cooling ages for this later phase are in conflict with the evidence of lesser erosion provided by the late-stage KAP intrusions and also require unrealistic depths of former Devonian to Triassic cover rocks. Mean denudation rates were greatest (up to 40 m/Myr) during the KAP magmatic phase. Post-Devonian rates across the Kola Peninsula and adjacent shield areas were much lower (<3-6 m/Myr) and are compatible with low long-term denudation rates for other cratons. Further resolution of long-term denudation patterns and rates on the Kola Peninsula requires the application of low-temperature thermochronometry, detailed examination of the regional geomorphology and firmer dating of ancient weathering episodes.

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“…There are numerous steady-state and transient techniques available for measuring thermal conductivity, the most prominent being the ''divided bar'', ''needle probe'', and ''optical scanning'', all of which are suitable to determine also the anisotropy of thermal conductivity. These methods are discussed in detail in several textbook and review articles (Kappelmeyer and Haenel 1974;Beck 1988;Somerton 1992;Beardsmore and Cull 2001;Clauser 2006).…”

Section: Measuring Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Transport Processes in the Earth’s Crust

Clauser

2009

Surv Geophys

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The heat of the Earth derives from internal and external sources. A heat balance shows that most of the heat provided by external sources is re-emitted by long-wavelength heat radiation and that the dominant internal sources are original heat and heat generated by decay of unstable radioactive isotopes. Understanding of the thermal regime of the Earth requires appreciation of properties and mechanisms for heat generation, storage, and transport. Both experimental and indirect methods are available for inferring the corresponding rock properties. Heat conduction is the dominant transport process in the Earth's crust, except for settings where appreciable fluid flow provides a mechanism for heat advection. For most crustal and mantle rocks, heat radiation becomes significant only at temperatures above 1200°C.Keywords Heat transfer Á Thermal structure of the Earth Á Rock properties PrefaceThis article draws extensively on material published in a recent review on geothermal energy (Clauser 2006). Therefore, many of the figures derive from there, and the text provides a synopsis of the corresponding paragraphs. Additionally, an effort was made to keep this text as self-contained but also concise as possible by providing selected references within this text and by referring readers to the aforementioned review (Clauser 2006) for following up the others. This helps to keep the list of literature within the range of the other lectures' and does not imply any claim of original authorship for the facts, data or figures from these references. This article is based on material presented during the short course Process Modeling of Hydrothermal Systems held at RWTH

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New heat flow data from the immediate vicinity of the Kola super-deep borehole: Vertical variation in heat flow confirmed and attributed to advection

Cited by 55 publications

References 10 publications

Evaluation of common mixing models for calculating bulk thermal conductivity of sedimentary rocks: Correction charts and new conversion equations

Evaluation of common mixing models for calculating bulk thermal conductivity of sedimentary rocks: Correction charts and new conversion equations

Phanerozoic denudation across the Kola Peninsula, Northwest Russia: implications for long-term stability of Precambrian shield margins

Heat Transport Processes in the Earth’s Crust

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