The fabrication technique for color OLED panels by means of wettability-controllable hole-injection material (HIM) and a photocatalytic lithography method achieves both precise ink-jet printing and long-lifetime devices. The technique enables us to selectively change the non-wetting surface of a hole-injection layer (HIL) of metal-oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) into a wetting surface without damage to the device performance. Wetting patterns formed by this method with photocatalyst-coated photomasks made it possible to print emission material with patterns of precisely 98-µm widths on the hole-injection layer. A fluorescent green-emitting device fabricated with an HIM of MONPs by the photocatalytic treatment exhibited a long lifetime of 365 hours at 30,000 cd/m 2 , which can be extrapolated to a lifetime of more than 110,000 hours at 1000 cd/m 2 , assuming an acceleration coefficient of 1.7. A two-color device and a monochrome passive-matrix panel were also successfully fabricated. The two-color device emitted light without the mixing of colors. The monochrome panel displayed alphabetical characters with good uniformity and no flaws.
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A very thin, needle-like electrode can be fbrmed at the tip of thin tungsten electrode by a single discharge with rather high discharge current.We have demonstrated some practical appEicability of such very thin electrode.Understanding the formation mechanism ofsuch e]ectrodes is an important issue to utilize the phenomenon to practical applications. We should see what happens on the electrode during the discharge. tn this study, the change ofelectrode shape at tip part ofa thin metal electrode induced by single discharge with a large current was observed dynamically by a stroboscopic imaging system with high time-resolution.In the imaging system, the second harmonics of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser is used for lighting of CCD camera and it can take a photo with time-resolution about 1Ons. Electrode materia]s were tungsten (W) and copper (Cu) of ]OO pm diameter and the discharge current was 30 A with 400 ps duration. Both the positive and negative polarities of the e[ectrodes in machining oi] as we]] as in air were examined using steel work-peace.Rather drastic move ofthe melt formed by the discharge occurred after discharge in all cases. Observed images reveal that the electrocle tip part afier single discharge is in a molten state and the melt part moves upwards after the end of the discharge, and fina] electrode shape is forrned at about 1 ms after the discharge, The thin, needle-Iike fbrm oftungsten e]ectrode is found to be the residue ofun-melted portion ofthe electrode left after the inove of melted part, Tungsten electrode becomes the needle-like shape when the thin electrode has negative polarity. When the po]arity is reyersed, or copper electrodes are used, the tips of the electrodes become spherical forms. For copper electrode with negative polarity in air and at some specific titne, droplets of molten meta] are suspend in the space between the electrode and the work, The amount of meited electrode is ]arger in air than in oil for both tungsten ancl copper, Keywords: single discharge, thin electrode, time resolved observation, electrode polarity, electrode shape
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