No abstract

Prickly pear peel (PPP) and potatoes peel (PP) are considered as a waste by-products which obtained during processing of prickly pear and potatoes, huge amount of peels are generated, and their disposal is a major problem and causes environmental pollution. In the present study, PPP and PP were dehydrated under vacuum at 70°C for 3 hrs to obtain prickly pear peel powder (PPPP) and potatoes peel powder (PPP) with 7% moisture content. These by-products were phytochemically analyzed, incorporated into crackers at 5% levels as a potential source of bioactive compounds. Bioactive compounds analysis indicated that PPPP and PPP contains high levels of many valuable bioactive compounds/antioxidants such total phenolics, (421 and 1388 mg GAE.g -1 DW) and carotenoids (217.11 and 135.76 mg.g -1 DW) as well as total dietary fiber (39.53 and 45.91 g.100g -1 DW). The total dietary fiber, carotenoids and total phenolics content in crackers increased from 5.89, 3.01 and 110.23 to 8.11, 14.34 and 143.28 with 5% incorporation of PPPP and 8.74 g.100g -1 , 7.88 mg.g -1 and 192.79 mg EGA.g -1 with 5% incorporation of PPP, respectively. Also, the antioxidant activity (AA) in control crackers was 30.11% which increased to 38.14 and 42.07% with the incorporation of PPPP and PPP by 5%, respectively. In conclusion, the results suggest that by incorporating PPPP and PPP, it is possible to enhance the nutritional and functional quality (bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity) of crackers without affecting on their sensory characteristics.

iabetes is a metabolic condition characterized by hyperglycemia and insufficient insulin production or activity. Since ancient times, the reishi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) has been utilized as a traditional herbal treatment. Aim of the study: investigate the effectiveness of Ganoderma lucidum extract (GLE) to ameliorate hyperglycemia and liver/kidney functions in streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats. Six groups of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were formed at random. Group 1: Normal rats with a normal diet. Group 2: Diabetic rats by injection Streptozotocin (STZ) and fed without intervention as a model control group, Groups 3-6: GLE, diabetic rats with intervention groups receiving GLE at doses of 200, 400, 600, and 800 mg/kg BW via oral gavage for 28 days. After GLE intervention, blood samples were tested for changes in hyperglycemia, glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin, liver, and kidney functioning. Results: Within the first two weeks of GLE intervention, blood glucose levels were reduced, and insulin levels in diabetic rats in the GLE group were considerably higher at four weeks than in the positive control group. Furthermore, it was discovered that GLE intervention significantly improved the liver and kidney functioning of diabetic rats. Conclusion: This research suggests that GLE consumption may help reduce blood glucose levels by boosting insulin production. Meanwhile, GLE therapy was linked to a reduction in diabetes problems in type 2 diabetic rats by improving their liver and renal functioning.

The present study aims to determine the nutrients and nutraceuticals content and in vitro biological activities of reishi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) fruiting bodies. Data of the nutrients composition of Ganoderma lucidum powder indicated that crude fiber and carbohydrates were the most largest compounds (50.19 and 37.33%, respectively) followed by total protein (8.54 %), ash (2.03 %) and crude fat (1.91%.). Also, Ganoderma lucidum powder is rich in different estimated elements (K,

iver is the main organ in the body for intense metabolism and excretion. A large number of chemicals and medicines/drugs used routinely in daily lives can cause disorders and possibly liver disease. The aim of exploring some aspects related to the potential hepatoprotective activity of Ganoderma lucidum versus carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxication in rat liver. When compared with the normal group rats, the CCl4 treated rats showed significant (p≤0.05) decreased in different biological parameters. Also, biochemical parameters such liver enzymes activities were significant (p≤0.05) elevation when compared with the normal group rats. For immunological parameters, Alb was significant (p≤0.05) decreased by the rate of -29.44 and TNF-α increased by 93.28%. This also coincided with an imbalance in the oxidants/antioxidants status in the blood, which was represented by a decrease in the level of antioxidants and a high level of oxidants. All of those parameters were indicating the liver injury by CCl4. Whereas animal treated/fed with Ganoderma lucidum powder (GLP) showed significant (p≤0.05) improvements in all previous status biomarkers indicating the protection against hepatic cell damage. A positive dose -response was recorded between the concentrations of GLP applied and the level of improvement noticed in all measured markers. In conclusion, GLP was effective in protecting against CCl4-induced liver disorders. Present study recommended like of that algae powder by a concentrations up to 5% (w/w), amount to be included in daily diets, drinks and food supplementation after trial study on volunteer human.