Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) Extract Ameliorate Hyperglycemia and Liver/Kidney Functions in Streptozotocin-induced Type 2 Diabetic Rats

Abstract

iabetes is a metabolic condition characterized by hyperglycemia and insufficient insulin production or activity. Since ancient times, the reishi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) has been utilized as a traditional herbal treatment. Aim of the study: investigate the effectiveness of Ganoderma lucidum extract (GLE) to ameliorate hyperglycemia and liver/kidney functions in streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats. Six groups of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were formed at random. Group 1: Normal rats with a normal diet. Group 2: Diabetic rats by injection Streptozotocin (STZ) and fed without intervention as a model control group, Groups 3-6: GLE, diabetic rats with intervention groups receiving GLE at doses of 200, 400, 600, and 800 mg/kg BW via oral gavage for 28 days. After GLE intervention, blood samples were tested for changes in hyperglycemia, glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin, liver, and kidney functioning. Results: Within the first two weeks of GLE intervention, blood glucose levels were reduced, and insulin levels in diabetic rats in the GLE group were considerably higher at four weeks than in the positive control group. Furthermore, it was discovered that GLE intervention significantly improved the liver and kidney functioning of diabetic rats. Conclusion: This research suggests that GLE consumption may help reduce blood glucose levels by boosting insulin production. Meanwhile, GLE therapy was linked to a reduction in diabetes problems in type 2 diabetic rats by improving their liver and renal functioning.

Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) Intervention Improves Lipids Profile and Paraoxonase/Arylesterase Activities in Serum as well as Enhances Haemostatic Effects in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

“…These mechanisms are consistent with the findings of the current investigation. In addition, a number of investigations demonstrated that diabetic rats had considerably lower blood insulin levels than normal rats (Kandeil et al, 2008;Elsemelawy et al, 2021). On the other hand, the current investigation revealed that GLE has an effective hypoglycemic impact against diabetes produced by STZ.…”

“…Several studies reported that Ganoderma lucidum and its extracts are a rich in phenolics, lycopene, polysaccharides, Terpenoids, flavonoids, Triterpenoids, sterols, cyclo-octasulfur, an ergosterol peroxide , cerebrosides, vitamins (A, B and E) (McKenna et al, 2002;Gao et al, 2003;Liu et al, 2016;Darija et al, 2018;Gharib et al, 2022). These bioactive constituents are known for various biological properties, including antioxidant activity, inhibition of lipid oxidation and free radical scavenging action, glucose response improvement, and alleviation of metabolic dysregulation of free fatty acids and insulin resistance associated with T2DM, according to our previous studies with others 2016a;Elmaadawy et al, 2016;Aly et al, 2017;Elbasouny et al, 2019, Elsemelawy et al, 2021Gharib et al, 2022). Also, the phenolic compound in Ganoderma lucidum exhibited high potency of antioxidant activities which lead to inhibit the α-amylase and sucrase, the principle substance for suppressing of the postprandial hyperglycemia (Tiwari and Madhusudana, 2002).…”

“…DM is characterized by classical symptoms such classical symptoms such as polydipsia, polyuria, and polyphagia and weight loss. As the disease progresses, to its later stages, several serious complications such as hyperglycemic, cardiomyopathy, neuropathy, ketoacidosis, nephropathy, atherosclerosis etc., can develop (Zatalia and Sanusi, 2013;Elsemelawy et al, 2021;Elhassaneen et al, 2022). In addition, diabetes mellitus generates an excess of reactive oxygen species production (ROS), which cannot be adequately neutralized by antioxidants, resulting in oxidative stress.…”

“…Numerous studies have shown that triterpenoids, polysaccharides, nucleotides, sterols, steroids, fatty acids, proteins/peptides, and trace minerals are all found in Ganoderma lucidum. (Stojkovic et al, 2014;Elsemelawy et al, 2021;Gharib et al, 2022). Due to its unique bioactive ingredient composition, it has been used for centuries as a folk medicine to cure a variety of human ailments, including cancer, hypertension, ageing, hepatitis, nephritis, and immunodeficiency, among others (McKenna et al, 2002;Wasser, 2005;Sayed-Ahmed et al, 2020).…”

Nutrients and Nutraceuticals Content and In Vitro Biological Activities of Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) Fruiting Bodies

“…Beside the all mentioned nutrients, the fruiting body, mycelia, and spores of Ganoderma lucidum contain approximately 400 different bioactive/phytochemical compounds, which mainly include triterpenoids, polysaccharides, nucleotides, sterols, steroids, fatty acids, proteins/ peptides, and trace elements (Mizuno, 1995;Paterson, 2006;Ihayere et al, 2010;Wasser, 2005). For the unique content of bioactive compounds and their biological roles, Ganoderma lucidum has been reported to have a number of pharmacological effects including immunomodulating, antiatherosclerotic, antiinflammatory, analgesic, chemopreventive, antitumor, radioprotective, sleeppromoting, antibacterial, antiviral (including anti-HIV), hypolipidemic, antifibrotic, hepatoprotective, diabetic, antioxidative and radicalscavenging, anti-aging, hypoglycemic, and anti-ulcer properties (reviewed in Liu, 1999;McKenna et al, 2002, Gao et al, 2005Jiang et al, 2005;Ofodile et al, 2005;Wasser, 2005;Elsemelawy et al, 2021). So, reishi mushroom is a type of mushroom that has been used in Chinese medicine for approximately 200 years (Wachtel-Galor et al, 2011).…”