Potential Protective Effects of Ganoderma lucidum Powder against Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Liver Disorders in rats: Biological, Biochemical and Immunological Studies

Abstract

iver is the main organ in the body for intense metabolism and excretion. A large number of chemicals and medicines/drugs used routinely in daily lives can cause disorders and possibly liver disease. The aim of exploring some aspects related to the potential hepatoprotective activity of Ganoderma lucidum versus carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxication in rat liver. When compared with the normal group rats, the CCl4 treated rats showed significant (p≤0.05) decreased in different biological parameters. Also, biochemical parameters such liver enzymes activities were significant (p≤0.05) elevation when compared with the normal group rats. For immunological parameters, Alb was significant (p≤0.05) decreased by the rate of -29.44 and TNF-α increased by 93.28%. This also coincided with an imbalance in the oxidants/antioxidants status in the blood, which was represented by a decrease in the level of antioxidants and a high level of oxidants. All of those parameters were indicating the liver injury by CCl4. Whereas animal treated/fed with Ganoderma lucidum powder (GLP) showed significant (p≤0.05) improvements in all previous status biomarkers indicating the protection against hepatic cell damage. A positive dose -response was recorded between the concentrations of GLP applied and the level of improvement noticed in all measured markers. In conclusion, GLP was effective in protecting against CCl4-induced liver disorders. Present study recommended like of that algae powder by a concentrations up to 5% (w/w), amount to be included in daily diets, drinks and food supplementation after trial study on volunteer human.

Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) Intervention Improves Lipids Profile and Paraoxonase/Arylesterase Activities in Serum as well as Enhances Haemostatic Effects in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

“…With GLE intervention, the rate of rise for each of these measures increased dose-dependently. The current study's findings are consistent with those of other researchers who have examined Ganoderma lucidum and other species of algae (Elhassaneen et al, 2019(Elhassaneen et al, , 2020Sayed-Ahmed et al, 2020;Essa, 2021;Fayez, 2021). G. lucidum fruits contain a wide variety of bioactive compounds, each of which has several biological effects, including a reduction in BWG, FI, and FER (Sayed Ahmed et al, 2020;Gharib et al, 2022).…”

“…After one week, rats were divided into two groups: the first, a normal control group (Group 1, 6 rats), which was still fed a basal diet (BD), and the second, a diabetes induction group (30 rats), which was divided into five subgroups as follows: group (2), model control, fed on standard diet only as a positive control (rats with diabetes) and groups (3-6) fed on basal diet and administered by oral gavages, using a feeding needle with 200, 400, 600, and 800 mg/kg bw Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extract (GLE), respectively. The current study's GLE extract concentrations were chosen based on our prior work (Elhassaneen et al, 2016;Sayed Ahmed et al, 2020). All previous groups were kept, each group in one cage, for 28 days.…”

“…In addition, they indicated that the decrease in VLDL level was attributable to a number of mechanisms, such as the decrease in VLDL synthesis and liver secretion, and the suppression of intestinal cholesterol absorption. Ganoderma lucidum's antihyperlipidemic and antihypercholesterolemic effects have been linked to multiple mechanisms, including: enhancing the endogenous transformation of cholesterol to bile acid; encouraging the development of hepatic LDL receptors, which raised plasma LDL clearance; and blockading acyl-CoA as a significant step of lipid metabolism, such as cholesterol acyltransferase (Wasser, 2005;Sayed-Ahmed et al 2020;Elsemelawy et al, 2021;Gharib et al, 2022). Ganoderma lucidum has been studied for its potential utility in treating CVD including atherosclerosis due to its hypolipidemic and hypocholesterolemic qualities.…”

“…(Stojkovic et al, 2014;Elsemelawy et al, 2021;Gharib et al, 2022). Due to its unique bioactive ingredient composition, it has been used for centuries as a folk medicine to cure a variety of human ailments, including cancer, hypertension, ageing, hepatitis, nephritis, and immunodeficiency, among others (McKenna et al, 2002;Wasser, 2005;Sayed-Ahmed et al, 2020). Few studies have examined the link between G. Lucidum intervention and the management of diabetes, as far as we are aware.…”

Dietary Intervention using Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma Lucidum) Reduces Oxidative Stress and Enhances Erythrocyte/Serum Defense Systems in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

“…Ganoderma lucidum ethanolic extract, for instance, has been shown by Elsemelawy et al (2021) to boost liver and kidney functions as well as hyperglycemia in rats with type 2 diabetes. It has been suggested that Ganoderma lucidum extracts be used as treatments for hepatic disease due to their excellent efficacy and low toxicity (Chang &Buswell, 2008 andSayed-Ahmed et al, 2020). Considering what we know, to our best knowledge, there have been relatively few studies that explain the mechanics and relationship between Ganoderma lucidum intervention and diabetes treatment.…”