The rates of mild or greater hearing loss in the underweight, normal, overweight, obese, and severely obese groups were 24.9%, 20.4%, 21.8%, 21.2%, and 24.1%, respectively. Mild severity of hearing loss was the most common in all five groups, followed by moderate, moderately severe, and severe hearing loss, in that order. Multivariate analysis, showed that the odds ratios of hearing loss in the severely obese, and underweight groups, compared with the normal group, were 1.312 and 1.282, respectively.

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This study tries to identify the determinants of user's attitude toward apps, intention to use and continual consuming intention. This study holds the two main constructs: (1) user's intrinsic determinants-value, innovativeness, gender, Well-being INTORDUCTIONSmart phone users are increasing continuously and the other smart device user market is growing with high speed in the developed countries, which telecommunication infrastructure is well equipped. Smartphone is also gradually distributed in the developing countries. So we can expect the high growth potential in the application market even in the developing countries.Because of this potential of fast world application market expansion, Korean government and telecommunication-based companies made the market growing strategy and increasing investment in this field since beginning of 2010. They also started MOU contract with the foreign telecommunication companies in 2011 for the international expansion to the countries which telecommunication infrastructure are well equipped like China [1].According to the 2012 smartphone user survey result of KCC and KISA [2], average 46.1 apps are downloaded on each Korean user's smartphone and 12.1 apps are mainly used ones. 21% of mobile users download apps more than once per a day and 13.1 apps per a week. Game and entertainment (73.7%) among the mobile app appeared the most downloaded and utilizing field. And then communication (54.4%) and weather (51.8%), map and music (46.9%) were following popular apps. Mobile Shopping apps are also one of the popular app (26%). This statics means that mobile users appear high intention to pay money for downloading and usage. Aug. 01, 2013; revised Nov. 07, 2013; accepted Nov. 18, 2013 Apps consumers generally get the new app related information through WOM, Internet searching, social media, iTunes and so on. Among those information sources, 34 % of app consumers get the information from WOM. Smartphone is strong interactive mobile device so that useful apps could get the good reputation easily and spread quickly in the market. Additionally, SNS helps mobile device users purchasing applications for the devices through automatic recommendation system. Some website like APPlyzer.com and Topappcharts.com provide the app rankings. Even iTunes.com supplies free and paid app ranking based on the category like education, entertainment, etc. so that app consumers can access to the ranking information and then get help when they choose. Therefore, the app developer or distributor considers these mobile consumer and market characteristics, and utilizes the marketing and sales. * Corresponding author, Email: youngmibaek@hotmail.com Manuscript receivedWhether they use apps or not, most smart phone users install apps on the device because huge number of apps are free and then deleted easy without any deficit. However, refund is impossible. In those reason, only less than 33% smartphone user pays for the apps. Compared to the volume of apps market, apps developer experiences low prof...

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BackgroundSB4, SB2, and SB5 are biosimilars of reference etanercept, infliximab, and adalimumab, respectively. The phase III randomised, double-blind clinical studies comparing the efficacy and safety of each biosimilar with its reference product had similar study designs, patient demographics, and the same primary endpoint of the ACR20 response rate. In each study immunogenicity was measured using a validated ECL assay tagged with the biosimilar.ObjectivesTo assess the immunogenicity of three TNFi and examine the potential impact of anti-drug antibodies (ADAbs) on efficacy and injection site reactions (ISR) or infusion related reactions (IRR) by a pooled analysis of three biosimilar studies.1–3 Data to the time of the primary endpoint for each study (week 24 for etanercept and adalimumab studies and week 30 for infliximab study) are presented.MethodsData from patients who had immunogenicity results from each phase III study were pooled. Efficacy (ACR responses, clinical response [defined as good or moderate EULAR response], change in disease activity [DAS28, SDAI, CDAI]) and ISR/IRR were evaluated in relation to the presence of ADAb (at least one ADAb positive result up to when the primary endpoint was measured).ResultsThe analysis included 1710 patients and the incidence of ADAb by treatment group is presented in the table 1.Across treatment groups, efficacy was greater in patients without ADAb compared to those with ADAb. In all treatments combined, the ACR20 response rate was lower in the presence of ADAb (OR 2.06, 95% CI: 1.63–2.60, p<0.0001) (figure 1) and the mean improvement in DAS28 was significantly greater in patients without ADAb (estimated difference: 0.383, 95% CI: 0.24–0.52, p<0.0001). The ADAb effect on reducing ACR20 response rates as well as other efficacy parameters was similarly observed in other treatment groups.In all treatments combined, the presence of ADAb was associated with increased ISR/IRR (OR 1.73, 95% CI: 1.02–2.96, p=0.043), predominantly with the infliximab combined (OR 2.67, 95% CI: 1.04–6.89, p=0.041) rather than the etanercept combined (OR 1.72, 95% CI: 0.38–7.77, p=0.478) and adalimumab combined (OR 1.00, 95% CI: 0.35–2.88, p=0.998).Abstract THU0184 – Table 1Incidence of Anti-drug Antibody (n/n’)TreatmentSB4ETNSB2INFSB5ADA ADAb Incidence2/299 (0.7%)39/297 (13.1%)158/287 (55.1%)145/292 (49.7%)88/266 (33.1%)86/269 (32.0%)TreatmentSB4+ETNSB2+INFSB5+ADABiosimilars combinedRP combinedAll treatments combinedADAb Incidence41/596 (6.9%)303/579 (52.3%)174/535 (32.5%)248/852 (29.1%)270/858 (31.5%)518/1710 (30.3%)ADA, adalimumab reference product; ADAb, anti-drug antibody; ETN, etanercept reference product; INF, infliximab reference product; RP: reference productAbstract THU0184 – Figure 1Effect of Anti-drug Antibody on ACR20 Response RatesConclusionsIn a pooled analysis, the development of ADAbs to TNFi is associated with reduced clinical efficacy and increased incidence of ISR/IRR in patients with RA.References[1] Emery, et al. Ann Rheum Dis2017Jan;76(1):51–57.[2] Choe, et al. Ann Rheum...