An experimental study has been conducted to measure the local film-cooling effectiveness and the heat transfer coefficient for a single row of rectangular-shaped holes. The holes have a 35° inclination angle with 3 hole diameter spacing of rectangular cross-sections. Four different cooling hole shapes such as a straight rectangular hole, a rectangular hole with laterally expanded exit, a circular hole and a two-dimensional slot are tested. The rectangular cross-section has the aspect ratio of 2 at the hole inlet with the hydraulic diameter of 10 mm. The area ratio of the exit to the hole inlet is 1.8 for the rectangular hole with expanded exit, which is similar to a two-dimensional slot. A thermochromic liquid crystals technique is applied to determine adiabatic film cooling effectiveness values and heat transfer coefficients on the test surface. Both film cooling effectiveness and heat transfer coefficient are measured for various blowing rates and compared with the results of the cylindrical holes and the two-dimensional slot. The flow patterns inside and downstream of holes are calculated numerically by a commercial package. The results show that the rectangular holes provide better performance than the cylindrical holes. For the rectangular holes with laterally expanded exit, the penetration of jet is reduced significantly, and the higher and more uniform cooling performance is obtained even at relatively high blowing rates. The reason is that the rectangular hole with expanded exit reduces momentum of coolant and promotes the lateral spreading like a two-dimensional slot.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease, which is accompanied by memory loss and cognitive dysfunction. Although a number of trials to treat AD are in progress, there are no drugs available that inhibit the progression of AD. As the aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides in the brain is considered to be the major pathology of AD, inhibition of Aβ aggregation could be an effective strategy for AD treatment. Jowiseungchungtang (JWS) is a traditional oriental herbal formulation that has been shown to improve cognitive function in patients or animal models with dementia. However, there are no reports examining the effects of JWS on Aβ aggregation. Thus, we investigated whether JWS could protect against both Aβ aggregates and Aβ-mediated pathology such as neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and impaired adult neurogenesis in 5 five familial Alzheimer’s disease mutations (5XFAD) mice, an animal model for AD. In an in vitro thioflavin T assay, JWS showed a remarkable anti-Aβ aggregation effect. Histochemical analysis indicated that JWS had inhibitory effects on Aβ aggregation, Aβ-induced pathologies, and improved adult hippocampal neurogenesis in vivo. Taken together, these results suggest the therapeutic possibility of JWS for AD targeting Aβ aggregation, Aβ-mediated neurodegeneration, and impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis.

We develop a polarization characterization platform for optical devices in free-space quantum communications. We demonstrate an imaging polarimeter, which analyzes both incident polarization states and the angle of incidence, attached to a six-axis collaborative robot arm, enabling polarization characterization at any position and direction with consistent precision. We present a detailed description of each subsystem, including the calibration and polarization-test procedure, and analyze polarization measurement errors caused by imperfect orientations of the robot arm using a Mueller-matrix model of polarimeters at tilt incidence. We perform a proof-of-principle experiment for an angle-dependent polarization test for a commercial silver-coated mirror for which the polarization states of the reflected light can be accurately calculated. Quantitative agreement between the theory and experiment validates our methodology. We demonstrate the polarization test for a 20.3 cm lens designed for a quantum optical transmitter in Canada’s Quantum Encryption and Science Satellite mission.

We designed and implemented a novel combination of a Sagnac-interferometer with a Mach–Zehnder interferometer for a source of polarization-entangled photons. The new versatile configuration does not require multi-wavelength polarization optics, yet it performs with a good polarization quality and phase-stability over a wide wavelength range. We demonstrate the interferometer using only standard commercial optics to experimentally realize the pulsed generation of polarization-entangled photon-pairs at wavelengths of 764 nm and 1221 nm via type-I spontaneous four-wave mixing in a polarization-maintaining fiber. Polarization entanglement was verified by a polarization-correlation measurement with a visibility of 95.5% from raw coincidence counts and the violation of the Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt (CHSH) inequality with S = 2.70 ± 0.04. The long-term phase-stability was characterized by an Allan deviation of 8° over an integration time of about 1 h with no active phase-stabilization.

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We investigate the impact of fiber birefringence and spontaneous Raman scattering on the properties of photon pairs that are generated by the spontaneous four-wave mixing process in birefringent fibers. Starting from the formulation of the theory of four-wave mixing, we show a theoretical model for a generated optical field with the consideration of the Raman scattering and a Gaussian-distributed pump. The theoretical model is then applied for deriving the closed expressions of the photon-pair spectral properties as a function of the fiber birefringence. Also, with the modeled Raman gain, we evaluate the reduction of the pair production rate due to the presence of the Raman effect as well as the contributions of the Raman-scattered photons over a broad wavelength range. The predictions are experimentally verified with a commercial polarization-maintaining fiber.

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An experimental study has been conducted to measure the temperature fields and the local film cooling effectiveness for two and three staggered rows of the rectangular-shaped film cooling holes with various blowing rates. Three different cooling hole shapes such as a straight rectangular hole, a rectangular hole with laterally expanded exit and a circular hole are tested. The rectangular cross-section has the aspect ratio of 2 at the hole inlet with the hydraulic diameter of 10 mm. The area ratio of the exit to the hole inlet is 1.8 for the rectangular hole with expanded exit, which is similar to a two-dimensional slot. The holes are spaced 3d apart in the spanwise direction and 4d apart in the streamwise direction with a staggered arrangement. Temperature fields are acquired using a three-axis traversing system equipped with a thermocouple rake. A thermochromic liquid crystals technique is applied to determine adiabatic film cooling effectiveness values and heat transfer coefficients on the test surface. The results show that the rectangular-shaped holes provide better performance than the cylindrical holes because the penetration of coolant is reduced and the lateral spreading of coolant is promoted. For rows of film cooling holes, the film cooling performance decreases with increasing blowing rate. However, the difference of hole shapes and blowing rates for film cooling performance is reduced with increasing the row of cooling holes.