EPIDEMIOLOGYNAFLD is now recognized as one of the most common causes of minor serum aminotransferase elevations and chronic liver diseases in developed countries such as Europe and America, and the prevalence of NAFLD

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OBJECTIVE:  The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndrome (MS) in subjects who underwent a routine health checkup. We intended to establish a clinical association between NAFLD and MS as well as to compare the diagnostic criteria of MS based on the definitions set forth by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), the US National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (2001) (NCEP/ATP‐III) and the Metabolic Syndrome Study Group of Chinese Diabetes Society (CDS). METHODS:  Weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference, percentage of body fat, blood pressure and ultrasound of liver were performed on subjects undergoing routine health checkup. Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and fasting plasma glucose level were measured. RESULTS:  A total of 2394 subjects were included in this analysis and 437 had NAFLD. The prevalence of MS in the whole sample according to IDF, NCEP/ATP‐III and CDS definitions was 11.11%, 8.48% and 5.30%, respectively. The total degree of agreement between IDF, NCEP/ATP‐III and CDS definition was 87.76%. The prevalence of MS in NAFLD subjects is much higher than that in non‐NAFLD subjects. The prevalence of NAFLD in MS subjects is also much higher than that in non‐MS subjects. CONCLUSION:  The prevalence of MS varied depending on the diagnostic criteria used. NAFLD was strongly associated with the MS, although it remains unknown whether NAFLD is a cause or effect of MS.

Amaç: Nedeni bilinmeyen gastrointestinal kanamalar›n odaklar›n›n tespit edilmesi ve kapsül endoskopinin bu kanamalardaki tan›sal etkinli¤inin incelenmesi amaçlanm›flt›r. Yöntem ve Gereç: Nedeni bilinmeyen gastrointestinal kanamas› olan, 17-91 yafl aras› toplam 385 hasta yafll› (>65), orta yafll› (41-65 y›l) ve genç eriflkinler (17-40 y›l)

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The incidence of obesity is increasing in Asia, with implications on gastrointestinal (GI) and liver diseases. The Gut and Obesity in Asia Workgroup comprises regional experts with the aim of studying relationship between obesity and the GI and liver diseases in Asia. Through literature review and the modified Delphi process, consensus statements examining the impact of obesity on esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, colorectal, and liver diseases, exploring relationship between gut microbiome and obesity, and assessing obesity therapies have been produced by the Gut and Obesity in Asia Workgroup. Sixteen experts participated with 9/15 statements having strong consensus (>80% agreement). The prevalence of obesity in Asia is increasing (100% percentage agreement in brackets), and this increased prevalence of obesity will result in a greater burden of obesity-related GI and liver diseases (93.8%). There was consensus that obesity increases the risk of gastric cancer (75%) and colorectal neoplasia (87.5%). Obesity was also associated with Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma (66.7%) and pancreatic cancer (66.7%) in Asia. The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Asia is on the rise (100%), and the risk of NAFLD in Asia (100%) is increased by obesity. Obesity is a risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (93.8%). Regarding therapy, it was agreed that bariatric surgery was an effective treatment modality for obesity (93.8%) but there was less agreement on its benefit for NAFLD (62.5%). These experts' consensus on obesity and GI diseases in Asia forms the basis for further research, and its translation into addressing this emerging issue.

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Although the success rate of therapeutic ERCP performed during live demonstrations was lower than that of routine procedures, the overall complication rate did not significantly increase. ERCP performed by visiting endoscopists was as safe as that done by local faculty in live demonstrations.