Asian consensus on the relationship between obesity and gastrointestinal and liver diseases

Koh, Calvin Jianyi; Loo, Wai Mun; Goh, Khean Lee; Sugano, Kentaro; Chan, Wah Kheong; Chiu, Philip Wai Yan; Choi, Myung Gyu; Gonlachanvit, Sutep; Lee, Wei Jei; Lee, Jonathan Wei Jie; Lee, Yeong Yeh; Lesmana, Laurentius M. Adrianto; Li, You Ming; Liu, Chun‐Jen; Matsuura, Bunzo; Nakajima, Atsushi; Ng, Enders Kwok Wai; Sollano, José D.; Wong, SK; Wong, Vincent Wai‐Sun; Yang, Yunsheng; Ho, Khek Yu; Dan, Yock Young

doi:10.1111/jgh.13385

Cited by 47 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…NAFLD is strongly associated with the components of metabolic syndrome including obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus . Given the global rapid rise of obesity, noticeable proportion of world population are at risk of developing NAFLD. It has been estimated that 25%‐45% of the general population may suffer from NAFLD and the prevalence is over 75% among obese adults …”

Section: What Is Known and Objectivementioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of alpha-lipoic acid on inflammatory markers and body composition in obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

2018

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Summary What is known and objective Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver injury. Some animal studies suggest that alpha‐lipoic acid (ALA) can improve disease outcome. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ALA supplementation on liver enzymes and inflammatory markers in obese patients with NAFLD. Methods In the current randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial, 50 obese patients with NAFLD were randomly allocated to either “ALA”(received 1200 mg ALA as two capsules per day plus 400 mg vitamin E) or “placebo”(received placebo containing starch, as two capsules per day plus 400 mg vitamin E) groups for 12 weeks. Body composition and anthropometric measures, serum levels of liver enzymes, adiponectin, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) and ferritin were measured at baseline and the end of the study. Results and discussion A total number of 45 patients completed the study (ALA group = 23; placebo group = 22). The serum concentration of IL‐6 decreased significantly in ALA group in comparison with the placebo group, at end of the study (P = 0.049). Furthermore, ALA intake resulted in a significant increase in serum adiponectin levels compared to placebo (P = 0.008). A significant improvement was observed in liver steatosis grade of the patients in both groups, compared to baseline (P < 0.05). However, there was no difference between the two groups for the changes in liver steatosis, by the end of the study. Body composition and anthropometric measures, liver enzymes, MCP‐1 and ferritin serum levels were not significantly different between the study groups, neither at the baseline nor at the end of the study. What is new and conclusion Collectively, ALA supplementation improved serum adiponectin and IL‐6 levels, without changing serum liver enzymes and liver steatosis in obese patients with NAFLD.

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Section: What Is Known and Objectivementioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of alpha-lipoic acid on inflammatory markers and body composition in obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

2018

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“…The prevalence of IBD, metabolic syndrome, NAFLD, NASH and obesity have all increased markedly over the past 50 years in Western populations 16 ‐ 18 and 25 years in Asian populations 19 . The gut microbiota appears to play a role in the pathogenesis of these conditions 20 …”

Section: Gut Microbiota and The Changing Disease Landscapementioning

confidence: 99%

The gut microbiota: cause and cure of gut diseases

White

Bogaerde

Kamm

2018

Medical Journal of Australia

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Summary The gastrointestinal microbiota is emerging as a central factor in the pathogenesis of a range of gastrointestinal and hepatic disorders. Epidemiological studies, and experimental studies in animals and humans, have highlighted a likely causative role of this microbial community in the modern global epidemics of inflammatory bowel disease, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, non‐alcoholic steato‐hepatitis, obesity and metabolic syndrome. New techniques for microbial culture and gene sequencing are enabling the identification of specific pathogens and protective organisms in these conditions. Factors that change the microbiota are being defined: dietary pattern, specific foods, food additives in processed food and drinks, such as emulsifiers and non‐sugar sweeteners, and antibiotics. Microbiota changes in early life appear critical to the later development of a range of inflammatory disorders. For many of these conditions, the treatment paradigm will change, at least in part, from immune suppression and drug therapy to treatments that reshape the microbiota or restore its integrity. These treatments include dietary changes, specific microbial manipulation and faecal microbiota transplantation. A dialogue is needed regarding population strategies that target disease prevention. This will include how food is produced, what additives it contains, and how it is processed. Widespread use of antibiotics, from agricultural and veterinary to medicinal settings, needs more attention. At the individual level, microbial profiles may be able to predict who is at risk of disease when subjected to particular environmental influences, and what microbial restoration is needed to minimise risk.

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“…Furthermore, Indians are more obese than other ethnics, although the Malays are quickly catching up . It is known that obesity is an important risk factor for esophageal and EGJ adenocarcinoma . Besides the increase in acid exposure, functional anatomy of the EGJ is also disrupted resulting in hiatus herniation from the increased intra‐abdominal pressure associated with obesity .…”

Section: Situation In Malaysiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Different time trend and management of esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma in three Asian countries

Hatta

Tong

Lee

et al. 2017

Digestive Endoscopy

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Esophagogastric junction (EGJ) adenocarcinoma has been on the increase in Western countries. However, in Asian countries, data on the incidence of EGJ adenocarcinoma are evidently lacking. In the present review, we focus on the current clinical situation of EGJ adenocarcinoma in three Asian countries: Japan, Hong Kong, and Malaysia. The incidence of EGJ adenocarcinoma has been reported to be gradually increasing in Malaysia and Japan, whereas it has stabilized in Hong Kong. However, the number of cases in these countries is comparatively low compared with Western countries. A reason for the reported difference in the incidence and time trend of EGJ adenocarcinoma among the three countries may be explained by two distinct etiologies: one arising from chronic gastritis similar to distal gastric cancer, and the other related to gastroesophageal reflux disease similar to esophageal adenocarcinoma including Barrett's adenocarcinoma. This review also shows that there are several concerns in clinical practice for EGJ adenocarcinoma. In Hong Kong and Malaysia, many EGJ adenocarcinomas have been detected at a stage not amenable to endoscopic resection. In Japan, histological curability criteria for endoscopic resection cases have not been established. We suggest that an international collaborative study using the same definition of EGJ adenocarcinoma may be helpful not only for clarifying the characteristics of these cancers but also for improving the clinical outcome of these patients.

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Asian consensus on the relationship between obesity and gastrointestinal and liver diseases

Cited by 47 publications

References 77 publications

The effect of alpha-lipoic acid on inflammatory markers and body composition in obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

The effect of alpha-lipoic acid on inflammatory markers and body composition in obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

The gut microbiota: cause and cure of gut diseases

Different time trend and management of esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma in three Asian countries

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