OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndrome (MS) in subjects who underwent a routine health checkup. We intended to establish a clinical association between NAFLD and MS as well as to compare the diagnostic criteria of MS based on the definitions set forth by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), the US National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (2001) (NCEP/ATP‐III) and the Metabolic Syndrome Study Group of Chinese Diabetes Society (CDS).
METHODS: Weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference, percentage of body fat, blood pressure and ultrasound of liver were performed on subjects undergoing routine health checkup. Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and fasting plasma glucose level were measured.
RESULTS: A total of 2394 subjects were included in this analysis and 437 had NAFLD. The prevalence of MS in the whole sample according to IDF, NCEP/ATP‐III and CDS definitions was 11.11%, 8.48% and 5.30%, respectively. The total degree of agreement between IDF, NCEP/ATP‐III and CDS definition was 87.76%. The prevalence of MS in NAFLD subjects is much higher than that in non‐NAFLD subjects. The prevalence of NAFLD in MS subjects is also much higher than that in non‐MS subjects.
CONCLUSION: The prevalence of MS varied depending on the diagnostic criteria used. NAFLD was strongly associated with the MS, although it remains unknown whether NAFLD is a cause or effect of MS.
Background & Aims-Mutations in TRPML1, a lysosomal Ca 2+ -permeable TRP channel, lead to mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV), a neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disease. An unusual feature of MLIV is constitutive achlorhydria. We produced Trpml1 −/− (null) mice to investigate the requirement for this protein in gastric acid secretion.
The renal injury caused by antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV) are characterized by few or no immune deposits in glomerulus. A growing number of AAV patients with glomerular immunoglobulin (Ig)A deposits have been reported. We retrospectively investigated all AAV patients with glomerular IgA deposits diagnosed in our center. Serum galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) level and glomerular Gd-IgA1 and IgA staining were measured. Moreover, we detected complement pathway components in their sera. A total of 168 AAV patients were enrolled, including 26 patients with glomerular IgA deposition and 142 patients with pauci-immune-complex deposition. The AAV patients with IgA deposition had a tendency of lower systemic disease activity, presenting with lower erythrocyte sedimentation rate, lower myeloperoxidase-ANCA, and tendency of lower C reactive protein and Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score. For renal injury, there were no significant differences in clinical data, pathologic parameters, or renal outcome between groups. The serum level of Gd-IgA1 and intensity of glomerular Gd-IgA1 staining in IgA deposition AAV patients were similar to IgA nephropathy patients. All patients in the IgA nephropathy group and AAV groups with or without IgA deposition had the activation of the alternative complement pathway, whereas AAV patients with IgA deposition also had the activation of the classic complement pathway. Correlation analysis showed serum C1q level correlated directly with serum globulin and IgA levels. In conclusion, AAV patients with IgA deposition had the basis of IgA nephropathy and may present lower systemic disease activity. But it differs from pauci-immune AAV or IgA nephropathy by the possible activation of the classic complement pathway.
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