Background: Nephrotic syndrome is a clinical state that is common in preschool children includes massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipemia, and edema. Mothers are the primary care giver; if they have adequate knowledge and awareness about therapeutic facilities to treat children from nephrotic syndrome through educational program. The aim of the study: to evaluate the effect of educational program on knowledge and health care practices about nephrotic syndrome among mothers of preschool children. Design: pretest-posttest design was utilized to conduct this study. Setting: The study conducted in pediatric word at Minia University Hospital for Obstetrics and Pediatrics Sample: 50 mothers of preschool children about nephrotic syndrome. Tools: Pre-designed questionnaire sheet, sheet about reported practices and Educational program. Results: Result of this study showed significant improvement in mothers knowledge and health care practices about nephrotic syndrome in post/test. Conclusion: After program implementation there was remarkable improvement of mothers knowledge and health care practices about nephrotic syndrome. Recommendations: A developed program should be applied and repeat again in the same study setting.

Introduction: Childhood obesity is a serious non-communicable public health problem with negative physical, social, and mental health consequences. Factors contributing to childhood obesity are school nutrition, excessive snacks, fast food, lack of physical activity and family behavior. Increasing rates of overweight and obesity in children & adolescents in Egypt signal a very alarming trend indicating an urgent need for development of strategies to address this new problem. Aim of the Study to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary school children in Minia Governorate, Egypt and identify some socio-demographic, dietary and behavioral factors that govern the problem of obesity. Subjects and Methods: This is a cross sectional study carried out at public primary schools during the academic year 2014-2015. Cluster sampling technique was used. Students aged 6-12 years old with a total number of 250 students of both sexes were included in the study. Data were collected from the parents of all children through questionnaire including Socio demographic data, life style habits and dietary habits. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity is relatively high (58.6%) distributed as 34.2% overweight and (24.4%) obese. Obesity is more prevalent among (8 < 10 years) age group, female, rural resident students. More than half of the obese children belong to university educated fathers (54.9%) and mothers (58.2%). Of obese and overweight children, 75.4%belong to professional employee and clerical fathers. Skipping breakfast, regular intake of carbohydrates, dairy, fat and sweat meals were positively significantly associated with obesity, meanwhile high rate of active play (7 times or more per week), low rate of screen time (2 hours or less per day), spending holiday out door and regular intake of fruits and vegetables were negatively significantly associated with obesity. Conclusion and recommendations: This study provides further evidence of the increasingly high burden of overweight and obesity among primary school children living in Egypt. Different strategies can be implemented through many approaches to outline some important targets for anticipatory guidance to prevent obesity.

Blood is the vital fluid which carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, vitamins and antibodies to the tissues in the body and sends away the carbon dioxide and waste matters formed in the tissues from the body. Aim of the study: to assess knowledge and attitude among nursing students regarding blood donation. Research design: A descriptive research design was used for this study. Sample: A Stratified random sample, from first, second, third & fourth academic year students in Faculty of Nursing Minia University. Data collection Tool: three tools were used in the study: Tool I: Demographic characteristics of nursing students and their previous history, Tool II: Knowledge Assessment Tool, and Tool III: Blood donation Attitude Scale. Results The current study found that more than half of nursing students aged between 20-21 years with mean ± SD 20.05 ± 1.3 years, about three quarter of them was female, more than one quarter of them were in 3 rd year academic years and more than two third of them comes from rural area. About more than half of nursing students had unsatisfactory knowledge about blood donation and most of them had positive attitude about blood donation. Conclusion: About more than one third of nursing students had satisfactory knowledge about blood donation and most of them had positive attitude about blood donation. Also, there was statistically significant difference between nursing students' knowledge and their age, academic years and attitude toward blood donation. Recommendation: Increase knowledge of nursing students about blood donation through making a seminar and workshop about it.

The aging process affects human bodies as well as human behaviors. In general, the extra years can be marked by declining health, reduced mobility that may lead to accidents, isolation, and loneliness. Some late-life problems can result in depression and anxiety include less of coping with physical health problems, caring for a spouse with dementia, and grieving the death of loved ones. The aim of the present study was to assess the frequency of the depression among elderly population and to explore possible associations between depression severity and daily accomplishments in Minia Geriatric Club. The study was conducted on 70 elderly persons (the elderly client attends the geriatric club and who agree to share in the study). The study tools are questionnaire sheet and geriatric depression scale. The questionnaires sheet the social and personal characteristics of the study sample. (Age, sex, marital status, level of education, presence of physical health problems, sensory changes, history of exposure to accident, and hobbies. While the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is consisted of 30 statements, each statement is scored by one point and the total scores for are categorized into three levels as: normal 0-9; mild depression 10-19; severe depression 20-30. The study results denoted that: more than half of the study sample (55.7%) were had mild depression and 37.1% were had sever depression. 71.4% and 65.7% of the study sample were had physical health problems and cognitive problems respectively. In addition to 47.1% of them were previously exposed to accident. There are no statistically significance differences in level of depression as regard to sex, level of dependency and level of education. But there are statistically significant differences were noted regarding level of depression and (presence of physical health problems, and sensory changes P= 0.05). The study concludes that depression among elderly is often associated with presence of chronic health problems with mental or social stress. Recommendation; coordination between the health team members is needed to provide holistic and optimal care for elderly clients. All forms of cognitive and supportive psychotherapy are recommended for improving depression in elders.

Childhood is a crucial period affecting physical and intellectual development. Although children living in orphanages consider the most vulnerable groups at risk of malnutrition, there is scarcity of data concerning their nutritional status in Egypt. Aim of the study: To assess the nutritional status of children living in orphanage institutions at Minia and samalout cities. Research design: Across -sectional descriptive study was utilized in this study. Subjects: comprised 109children in orphanage whose age ranged between 3 to 19 years. Setting: This study was carried out at orphanages at Minia city and Samalout city. Data collection tools: Two tools were utilized to measure the variables of the study included demographic part , clinical, anthropometric, dietary Intake Assessment, physical activity and sedentary behaviors .Results: the major resultes found that 49.5% of the participants were in primary school, Physical signs suggesting nutritional deficiencies were detected in about 25% of the sample, and it showed that56.9% were stunted,14.7%of them overweight and 9.7% of children aged between 3-7 years had small head circumferences. Conclusion: malnutrition is highly prevalent in the orphanage of Minia city in line with the national prevalence and significantly associated with children age, and gender. Recommendation: The coexistence of under-and over nutrition among institutionalized children calls for implementation of comprehensive intervention strategies committed to reducing under nutrition while simultaneously preventing over nutrition through improving diet quality and physical activity of these children.

Background: Child abuse is one of the most important health issues worldwide, it continues to be one of primary threats to the child's emotional and social well-being globally. Aim of the study: is to assess the knowledge and attitude of the teachers about child abuse. Research design: A descriptive study design was used to conduct the study. Sample: Study was conducted on 274 school teachers. Setting: (8) urban and rural public primary school at Minia city. Tools of data collection: included two tools: First tool is an interviewing questionnaire comprised of two parts to assess socio demographic characteristics and knowledge of teachers regarding child abuse. Second tool the attitude is rating scale for Assessment of Teacher Attitude toward Child Abuse. Results: about two third of the school teachers had poor knowledge about child abuse and (62%) had negative attitude about child abuse. Conclusion: Child abuse is a global issue and children face abuse in many forms and more awareness will help in combating the issues and problems with abuse. Recommendation: Design and implement an educational program for teachers to increase their awareness about child abuse and to promote child health.

Department of , community health nursing-faculty of nursing, EL-Minia university, Department of , community health nursing-faculty of nursing-Cairo university,-Department of , community health nursing-faculty of nursing Assiut university.

Background: Cervical cancer can be preventable or detected early especially with a series of regular screening with Pap tests.Aim of the study: The aim of this study were to evaluate the impact of counseling on cervical cancer and its screening on women knowledge, health beliefs and protective practices.Subjects and Methods: A quasi-experimental design was used. A convenient ample of 120 women were randomly divided into experimental and control groups, each group consisted of 60 women were recruited from outpatient clinic at Obstetrics and Gynecology Department at Minia General Hospital.Results It can be observed that, 86% of the women in the intervention group had good knowledge compared to only 17% of the control group and the difference is statistically significant. The mean score of perceived susceptibility and barriers in both groups was reduced but the decrease was significantly higher in the intervention group (P<0.004). The mean score of perceived severity and benefits in both groups were increased, but the increased mean score in the intervention group was higher. A highly statistical significant difference was observed between groups regarding protective practices (p = .001).Conclusion: It can be concluded that there was a highly statistical significant improvement in women knowledge was observed and the higher positive beliefs about perceived benefits of preventive health practices, susceptibility, severity, health motivation and reduced the barriers of pap smear this can influence women’s willingness to take preventive test and higher participation in regular Pap smear test in the intervention group. The most commonly barriers to screening cited in our study are lack of knowledge.Recommendations: on the light of this findings it is recommended that, women should be encouraged to take responsibility for their own health and be active participants in the screening program, More educational intervention is needed to encourage adherence to routine cancer screening with raising women’s awareness about cervical cancer, The barriers to Pap smear test are considered by the health authorities in order to overcome barriers of cervical cancer screening.