The radiolysis of solutions of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB’s) and potassium hydroxide in simple aliphatic alcohols was studied. The major products in alkaline 2-propanol solutions were potassium chloride, acetone, lower chlorinated biphenyls, and biphenyl. Their yields increased and the concentration of the hydroxide ions decreased with the dose. Acetone and potassium chloride were formed in high yields, and their concentrations were almost equal to the diminution in the hydroxide ions. The dechlorination yield was determined as a function of the dose, the dose rate, and the concentrations of PCB’s, potassium hydroxide, and organic solutes. The chain-dechlorination reaction proceeded in the alkaline 2-propanol solution, but not in alkaline methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, and butanols. The 2-propoxide radical anion, which is formed by the electron transfer from the hydroxide ion to the 2-propanol radical, is the chain carrier for the dechlorination reaction of PCB’s in alkaline 2-propanol solutions. The mechanism is discussed in detail.
Solid glycine has been radiolyzed by 60Co γ-rays in vacuo at room temperature, and all the products except H2 have been measured after dissolving the irradiated samples in water. The hydrogen has been collected and measured directly from the irradiated solid samples. All products except H2 increase linearly with the dose, while H2 shows a plateau from a relatively low dose. The yields of products are as follows: G(H2)∼0.2, G(NH3)=4.8, G(CH3NH2)=0.2, G(CHOCO2H)=2.5, G(CH3CO2H)=2.3, G(CO2)∼0.2, and G(HCHO)∼0.03. The mechanisms of the primary process and the reactions to give final products have been proposed with reference to the results of the ESR studies.
The study has been made in order to establish the measurement of the leakage tritium from the tritium self luminous paints made in England, U.S.A., Germany and Japan. The amount of tritium contained in a painted sample was about 25mCi, the amount which is necessary for a clock or an alarm clock to get enough luminosity , and the measurement of the leakage tritium were made by the flow method using a gas flow counter. The results obtained show that the amount of the leakage tritium depends only upon the initial amount of tritium applied, neither upon the kind of paints nor upon the specific activities of the tritium in paints. The security of the commercial tritium self luminous paints has been examined in connection with the maximum permissible amount of tritium.
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