Lanthanum trifluoromethanesulfonate is an effective single-component catalyst for synthesizing a variety of amides directly from esters and amines under mild conditions. Highly selective amidation of esters and amines, as well as catalyst-controlled amidation of esters, demonstrated the effectiveness of the catalyst system.

Eu 3+ and Tb 3+ ions were site-selectively doped into LaLuO 3 with the orthorhombic perovskite-type structure (ABO 3 ), and their luminescence properties were examined considering the doping sites (A or B sites). The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the expansion or contraction of the unit cell volumes of the materials depending on the doping sites. The spectra of X-ray absorption near edge structure for the Eu and Tb L III edge exhibited different shapes for the ions at A and B sites, confirming the site-selective doping of Eu 3+ and Tb 3+ in LaLuO 3 . The photoluminescence (PL) and PL excitation (PLE) spectra of the materials also showed some differences caused by the doping sites. The intensities of the Eu 3+ PL peaks derived from the 5 D 0 − 7 F 1 transitions and those from the 5 D 0 − 7 F 2 transitions were markedly different between Eu 3+ at A sites and those at B sites because of the different site symmetries. The splitting of the intense Tb 3+ PL peaks originating from the 5 D 4 − 7 F 5 transitions and the absence of PL peaks from 5 D 3 − 7 F J transitions were found only for Tb 3+ at B sites because of the strong crystal field at B sites. In addition to the PL spectra, the positions of PLE peaks originating from charge transfer transitions in Eu 3+ and the 4f−5d transitions in Tb 3+ depended on the doping sites. The successful site-selective doping enabled us to clarify the site-sensitive luminescence properties of Eu 3+ and Tb 3+ doped in the perovskite-type LaLuO 3 .

In this paper, we investigated experimentally the relation between configuration and performance of the annular type jet pump and compared it with that of the central jet type. Twenty-five different kinds of pumps were used in the experiments. These pumps reached a maximum efficiency of thirty-six percent. This corresponds with that of the conventional central jet type pump. We also studied the effect of the swirl component in the driving jet, and compared it with the result without swirl component.

The dyeing properties of a chitin/cellulose composite fiber, Crabyon® (CR), for CI Acid Orange 7 dye are examined at equilibrium compared with those for protein fibers of silk and wool and a regenerated cellulosic fiber, viscose rayon. The adsorption isotherms of the dye by CR are the sigmoid type, different from silk and wool, which are the Langmuir type. The most remarkable feature of CR is its adsorption of the dye, which greatly depends on the dyebath pH. Hence, it seems that the adsorption is due to the electrostatic interaction of the dye anion with the protonated amino group of the partially deacetylated chitin in CR. Under the same conditions, the greater the content of the basic groups in amorphous regions in the substrate, the greater the dye uptake at equilibrium: CR(20) > wool > CR(10) > silk ≧ CR(3).

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Diethylenetriamine is effective for the direct cleavage of unactivated carbamates and ureas without additional reagents and catalysts. Various carbamates and ureas were cleaved to afford products in good yield, and the reactions were not affected by air or moisture. Unique chemoselective cleavage of carbamate and urea in the presence of amides was also achieved.