The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy [sleep-related behavior modification and progressive muscle relaxation on insomnia of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients] on improving insomnia of MHD patients. 103 MHD patients complicated with insomnia were randomly assigned to treatment (n = 52) and control (n = 51) groups. The control group was treated with conventional hemodialysis, and the treatment group was additionally treated with cognitive behavioral therapy for 3 months (sleep-related behavior modification and progressive muscle relaxation). All cases were assessed by Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) before and 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks after treatment. Fifty-one patients in the treatment group and 47 patients in the control group completed the experiments. After treatment, the total mean scores were (1.94 ± 0.50/2.29 ± 0.31); scores of somatization, depression, anxiety, hostility, and additional items were (1.87 ± 0.58/2.56 ± 0.26), (2.25 ± 0.80/2.79 ± 0.50), (1.79 ± 0.26/2.37 ± 0.34), (1.71 ± 0.46/2.25 ± 0.43), and (1.91 ± 0.67/2.26 ± 0.59) in SCL-90, respectively. The total scores for PSQI were (12.63 ± 2.27/16.40 ± 2.16); scores of subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbance, hypnotics, and daytime dysfunction which were (1.98 ± 0.76/2.57 ± 0.58), (1.75 ± 0.59/2.60 ± 0.50), (2.10 ± 0.50/2.62 ± 0.53), (2.06 ± 0.47/2.57 ± 0.54), (2.04 ± 0.69/2.45 ± 0.72), (1.02 ± 0.79/1.51 ± 0.98), and (1.69 ± 0.55/2.09 ± 0.58), respectively, were significantly lower in the treatment group compared with the control group. However, there were no significant differences in the scores of factors of obsessive-compulsive (2.26 ± 0.62/2.32 ± 0.38), interpersonal sensitivity (2.23 ± 0.64/2.43 ± 0.47), phobic anxiety (1.98 ± 0.62/2.01 ± 0.67), paranoid ideation (1.55 ± 0.43/1.69 ± 0.39), and psychoticism (1.57 ± 0.46/1.66 ± 0.49). The conclusion is that sleep-related behavior modification in combination with progressive muscle relaxation effectively improved the mental state and sleep quality of MHD patients with insomnia.

Objective: To explore the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in combination with systemic family therapy (SFT) on mild to moderate postpartum depression and sleep quality. Methods: 249 primiparous women with mild to moderate postpartum depression were recruited and randomly assigned to a control group (n=128), which received conventional postpartum care, or to a psychological intervention group (n=121), which received conventional postpartum care combined with psychological intervention. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were employed to evaluate depression and sleep quality, respectively. Results: 104 patients in the intervention group and 109 in the control group completed the study. After intervention, the EPDS score, PSQI score, sleep quality score, sleep latency score, sleep duration score, habitual sleep efficiency score, sleep disturbance score, and daytime dysfunction score were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group. The EPDS and PSQI scores of each group at different time points after intervention were markedly decreased compared with those before intervention, and the reduction in the intervention group was more evident than that in the control group. Conclusion: CBT in combination with SFT can improve depression and sleep quality in patients with mild to moderate postpartum depression.

Background:Near death experiences (NDE) are receiving increasing attention by the scientific community because not only do they provide a glimpse of the complexity of the mind-brain interactions in ‘near-death’ circumstances but also because they have significant and long lasting effects on various psychological aspects of the survivors. The over-all incidence-reports of NDEs in literature have varied widely from a modest Figure of 10% to around 35%, even up to an incredible Figure of 72% in persons who have faced close brush with death. Somewhat similar to this range of difference in incidences are the differences prevalent in the opinions that theorists and researchers harbor around the world for explaining this phenomena. None the less, objective evidences have supported physiological theories the most. A wide range of physiological processes have been targeted for explaining NDEs. These include cerebral anoxia, chemical alterations like hypercapnia, presence of endorphins, ketamine, and serotonin, or abnormal activity of the temporal lobe or the limbic system. In spite of the fact that the physiological theories of NDEs have revolved around the derangements in brain, no study till date has taken up the task of evaluating the experiences of near-death in patients where specific injury has been to brain. Most of them have evaluated NDEs in cardiac-arrest patients. Post-traumatic coma is one such state regarding which the literature seriously lacks any information related to NDEs. Patients recollecting any memory of their post-traumatic coma are valuable assets for NDE researchers and needs special attention.Materials and Methods:Our present study was aimed at collecting this valuable information from survivors of severe head injury after a prolonged coma. The study was conducted in the head injury department of Guangdong 999 Brain hospital, Guangzhou, China. Patients included in the study were the ones Recovered from the posttraumatic coma following a severe head injury. A total of 86 patients were chosen. Near death experience scale (NDES) score of 7 or more was used as the criteria of screening NDE experiences. After identifying such individuals, the Prakash-modification of the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to interview and record the data for qualitative analysis.Results:We found that contrary to earlier incidence reports, NDEs in post head injury patients were markedly low. Only 3 out of 86 of the patients recruited had a clear and confident experience of NDE. We conducted a qualitative study to explore further into these experiences. IPA of these 3 patients revealed four master themes: 1. Unique light visions 2. Intense feelings of astonishment, pleasure, and fear 3. The sense of helplessness 4. Supernatural but rationality of experience.Conclusion:NDE is uncommon in head-injury cases as compared to other near-death conditions. But the persons experiencing it have immense impacts on their belief systems and emotions. This experience should be further explored by studies of larger ...

Objective To investigate the characteristics of resilience family cohesion, adaptability and learning burnout，and analyse the relationship among them. Methods: One thousand six hundred and twenty-five undergraduates who were collected from Seven Universities in Guangdong by stratified random sampling method were investigated with Learning Burnout Scale for Chinese Undergraduates (LBSCU), Family Adapation and Cohension Scale, Second Edition-Chinese Version (FACESII-CV) and Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescent (RSCA). Result: (1) The total score of LBSCU was in the medium level. (2) There was a significantly positive correlation to each other among the total score of LBSCU, the total score of RSCA, the score of family Cohension and family adapation (r=-0.179～-0.388, Ps﹤0.05). ⑵ It had a partially mediating effect of the total score of RSCA when the score of family Cohension was taken as a predictor to the total score of LBSCU, and the ratio was 55.8%．⑶It had a partially mediating effect of the total score of RSCA when the score of family adaption was taken as a predictor to the total score of LBSCU, and the ratio was 65.3%． Conclusion: Both family Cohension and family adapation had a significant effect on the views on marriage and love by resilience in undergraduates.

Objective to explore the impact of self-efficacy and parents' personality traits on the family functioning in the students of First and Second grade. Method Four hundred parents randomly selected from 4 private primary schools in Tangxia, Dongguan were measured with General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), Big Five Aspect Scale(NEO-FFI) and Family Adapation and Cohension Scale, Second Edition-Chinese Version （FACESII-CV）. Result Firstly, most students have a Intermediate family. There are significant differences between groups with high family functioning and groups with low family functioning in each dimension of NEO-FFI except openness and self-efficacy(P<0.001). Both neuroticism and conscientiousness play significant roles in predicting family cohension (P<0.001). The following four vaiables of neuroticism, conscientiousness, openness and general self-efficacy play significant roles in predicting family adaptability (P<0.001). Conclusion There is significant correlation between the results of family functioning and the self-efficacy, and personality traits of parents.

Objective  To explore the characteristics of pet attachment and its relevant factors among  undergraduates. Methods 547 undergraduate pet owners were selected by stratified random sampling  from 7 universities in Guangzhou City. They were investigated with Lexington Attachment to Pets Scale  (LAPS), College Students Interpersonal Comprehensive Diagnostic Scale (ICDSCS), Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale-Version 3 (UCLALS), Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) and a self-edited questionnaire on the general personal information. Results ⑴ The total score of LAPS, ICDSCS and UCLALS, as well as score of coping style disposition were (41.71±10.05), (9.12±5.62), (44.51±7.87) and (-.22±1.50), respectively. ⑵ 20.9% of undergraduates were moderate to severe pet attachment. ⑶ Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis showed that the total score of LAPS was positively correlated with 7 factors such as total score of UCLALS and ICDSCS, school category, how many pets have you kept, origin, gender and monthly family income (β=.119 to .668, all P < 0.05), while the reasons for keeping pets and coping style disposition were negatively correlated with the total score of LAPS (β=-.537 and -.621, P < 0.05).  Conclusion College students' pet attachment is a common behavioral problem, which is closely related to such factors as family rearing, community cultural atmosphere, school education and the personality of the undergraduates.

Learning adaptability is a necessary condition for students to complete their learning tasks and achieve good performance. From the connotation of locus of control, academic self-efficacy and learning adaptability, we can see that there is a strong logical connection among the three. The aim of this paper was to explore the characteristics of locus of control, academic self-efficacy and learning adaptability in college students, and analyze the relationship among the above 3 variables.  Stratified random sampling was used to select five hundred and nineteen college students from 7 universities in Guangdong Province. They were investigated with Academic Self- Efficacy Scale (ASES), Learning Adaptability Scale for College Students (LAS), and Internality, Powerful Others, and Chance Scale (IPC). The survey results indicated the following three points. First, the total scores of ASES, LAS, IPC were (68.90±10.95), (95.61± 15.46), (27.70±5.65), (18.06±7.73) and (19.65±6.83), respectively;  Second,  there was a pairwise correlation among the scores of internality, academic ability self-efficacy and LAS (r=0.69, 0.37, 0.61, all P<0.01), a pairwise correlation among the scores of internality, academic behavior self-efficacy and LAS (r=0.67, 0.37, 0.23, all P<0.01), as well as a pairwise correlation among the scores of internality, academic self-efficacy and LAS (r=0.71, 0.37, 0.55, all P<0.01); Third, the scores of academic ability self-efficacy, academic behavior self-efficacy and academic self-efficacy played a partly mediating effect in the relationship between the score of internality and LAS, with the mediation effect counting for 57.8 %, 27.2 % and 72.9% of the total effect, respectively.  It is therefore suggested that internality not only has a direct role on the learning adaptability of college students, but also indirectly affects it through academic self-efficacy.

The objective of this paper is to explore the relationship between the time management disposition, academic self-efficacy and learning burnout among undergraduates in the medical university. Adolescence Time Management Disposition Inventory (ATMDI), Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (ASES), Learning Burnout of Undergraduates Scale (LBUS) and a self-edited questionnaire on the general information were administered to 772 undergraduate who were selected by stratified random sampling from a medical university. The results showed that: (1) the total score of ATMDI (114.1 ± 19.5) was at the middle level, as well as the total score of ASES (73.1 ± 10.9) and LBUS (61.8 ± 8.6); (2) correlation analysis showed that there was a significant pairwise correlation among the total score of ATMDI, ASES and LBUS (r = 0.298-0.585, P < 0.01); (3) the total score of ASES had a partly mediating effect in the relationship between the total score of ATMDI and the total score of LBUS. Finally this paper drew a conclusion: time management disposition not only has a direct role on the learning burnout in the undergraduates in the medical university, but also indirectly influences it through academic self-efficacy.