Objective To determine the association of radiological and symptomatic osteoarthritis with sleep duration in a representative sample of the Korean population. Methods Using data from the national cross-sectional fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2012. Of the 16,528 participants in KNHANES-V, 8,918 were adults aged� 50 years who had completed the survey questions on sleep duration and osteoarthritis, and had diagnostic X-ray results. We evaluated the association between sleep duration as the primary predictor for osteoarthritis involving the hip, knee, and spinal joints. A complex sample logistic regression analysis was performed to adjust for the covariates. Results Proportions of participants with total daily sleep duration of �6 hours, 7-8 hours, and �9 hours were 47.1%, 45.2, and 7.7%, respectively. The rate of osteoarthritis diagnoses in the �6 hours, 7-8 hours, and �9 hours of sleep duration groups was 24.1%, 17.6%, and 21.8%, respectively (p <0.0001). The odds ratios (OR) were significantly higher in the �6 hours of sleep group than in the 7-8 hours of sleep group (OR, 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-1.39; p = 0.02), but no significant difference in the �9 hours of sleep group was found after adjusting the confounding variables. When we compared knee joint pain (Numeric Rating Scale 0 versus 1-10) in participants with grade 2-4 Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) classification after adjusting these same confounding variables, the �6 hours of sleep group (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.10-1.58) and the �9 hours of sleep group (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.03-1.95) showed significantly higher ORs.
Objectives Low back disability, along with low back pain, places a significant social burden in terms of work loss and medical expenses. Motion-Style-Acupuncture-Treatment using Traction (T-MSAT) is employed as one of the conservative treatments to such conditions. In the present study, effectiveness of Korean Medical treatments, including T-MSAT, was investigated in inpatients with low back disability and low back pain. Methods Among the patients who were admitted between January 2018 to June 2018 with disabled low back function, ones that were treated with T-MSAT were identified. Pain and function were compared at the point of admission and discharge, using Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), respectively. Results Over the hospitalization period of 34.55 days, pain intensity significantly decreased from NRS score of 6.14 to 3.26 and low back function also significantly improved from ODI score of 50.93 to 33.73 upon receiving Korean Medical treatments including T-MSAT. Conclusions Korean Medical treatments including T-MSAT were found to be effective in inpatients with low back disability with a statistical significance. To evaluate the sole effectiveness of T-MSAT, rigorous clinical trials are necessitated in future.
Motivated by the work of Whitt [1], who studied stabilization of the mean virtual waiting time (excluding service time) in a GI t /GI t /1/F CF S queue, this paper investigates the stabilization of the mean virtual response time in a single-server processor sharing (PS) queueing system with a time-varying arrival rate and a service rate control (a GI t /GI t /1/P S queue). We propose and compare a modified square-root (SR) control and a difference-matching (DM) control to stabilize the mean virtual response time of a GI t /GI t /1/P S queue. Extensive simulation studies with various settings of arrival processes and service times show that the DM control outperforms the SR control for heavy-traffic conditions, and that the SR control performs better for lighttraffic conditions.
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