Abstract-In this paper, we present time-domain integral equation (TDIE) formulations for analyzing transient electromagnetic responses from three-dimensional (3-D) arbitrary shaped closed conducting bodies using the time-domain electric field integral equation (TD-EFIE), the time-domain magnetic field integral equation (TD-MFIE), and the time-domain combined field integral equation (TD-CFIE). Instead of the conventional marching-on in time (MOT) technique, the solution methods in this paper are based on the Galerkin's method that involves separate spatial and temporal testing procedure. Triangular patch basis functions are used for spatial expansion and testing functions for arbitrarily shaped 3-D structures. The timedomain unknown coefficient is approximated by using an orthonormal basis function set that is derived from the Laguerre functions. These basis functions are also used as temporal testing. Using these Laguerre functions it is possible to evaluate the time derivatives in an analytic 2 Jung, Chung, and Sarkar fashion. We also propose a second alternative formulation to solve the TDIE. The methods to be described result in very accurate and stable transient responses from conducting objects. Detailed mathematical steps are included and representative numerical results are presented and compared.

Background: Lung cancer is a major cause of Korean female mortality and is clearly associated with smoking. The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV-2,3), which included both self-reports of smoking and urinary cotinine data, revealed a significant discrepancy between the prevalence of self-reported and biochemically-verified female smokers. The factors associated with accurate self-reporting of current smoking status remain poorly understood, however. Materials and Methods: We assessed the prevalence of smoking in KNHANES using both self-report and urinary cotinine data. Subsequently, using univariate and multivariate tests, we assessed whether age, intensity of smoking, marital status, relationship with cohabitants, education, occupation, residential area, or annual household income were associated with inaccurate selfreporting in Korean females. We also investigated whether the prevalence of inaccurate self-reports changed over the survey period

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Background Anemia, which is a major public health problem worldwide, represents a decline in the oxygenation function, and can therefore be related to low strength. However, hemoglobin cannot repair muscles directly, but is beneficial only in a supportive role. Previous studies on the relationship between handgrip strength and anemia have been controversial. Thus, we aimed to analyze the association between handgrip strength and anemia in Korean adults. Methods This cross-sectional study used the 2013-2017 data from the 6th and 7 th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) that included 16,638 Korean adults, aged �19 years, who met the inclusion or exclusion criteria. Differences in sociodemographic factors (sex, age, education, income, and employment), lifestyle factors (alcohol consumption, smoking, and physical activity), and illness and health factors [body mass index (BMI), vitamin intake, iron intake, comorbid illnesses, and handgrip strength] by existence of anemia, were analyzed using the Chi square test. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to measure the association between handgrip strength and anemia, while adjusting for other possible confounders. Subgroup analysis, stratified by sex and age, was performed. Results Among Korean adults aged �19 years, 745,296 (7.7%) had anemia. A higher odds ratio, adjusted for other covariates/factors (OR) of anemia occurred in the weak handgrip strength group than in the strong handgrip strength group (OR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.58-2.33). The subgroup analysis showed a higher OR adjusted for other covariates/factors of anemia in the

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A novel dual band-notched monopole ultra-wideband antenna is proposed, in which the parasitic strip creates one band-notch at 5.5 GHz and the tuning stub produces another band-notch at 3.5 GHz.The experimental results show that the proposed antenna, with a compact size of 20 ϫ 31.5 mm 2 , has a bandwidth of 3. 1-10.6 GHz with voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) less than 2, except the bandwidths of 3. INTRODUCTIONWith the development of modern wireless and mobile communication, the ultra-wideband systems have attracted much attention recently because of its great advantages including high speed data rate, small size, and low power consumption. However, according to IEEE 802.11a, HIPERLNA/2, and IEEE 802.16, some narrow bands, such as WLAN systems (5.15-5.825 GHz) and WIMAX systems (3.3-3.7 GHz), exist during the bandwidth of ultra-wideband (3.1-10.6 GHz). Therefore, to avoid EM interferences between these systems and UWB communication systems, a band elimination characteristic is necessary in UWB antennas. Recently, several UWB antennas with frequency band-rejection function have been reported [1][2][3][4][5][6]. But, most of the proposed antennas only have one band-notched characteristics [1][2][3]. Two UWB antennas with dual band stops have recently been proposed [4, 5]. The dual band stops are formed by cutting two or three U-shaped or C- shaped slots into antenna. Because of the allocation, shape, width, and length of the slots have intensive influence to the bandrejection characteristic, it is difficult to fabricate and adjust the central frequencies of the notched bands.In this letter, a simple UWB antenna with a novel dual bandnotched structure is proposed. By using the parasitic strip and the tuning stub, dual band stops will be created. By only changing the lengths of the parasitic strip and the tuning stub, we can alter the central frequencies of the dual notched bands easily and separately. In addition, there is no sensitive variable to control antenna bandnotched characteristic, so it is facile to fabricate. Details of the antenna design are described, and both simulated and measured results are given. Figure 1 illustrates the geometry and configuration of the proposed UWB antenna, which is printed on the FR4 substrate with a thickness of 1 mm and dielectric constant of 4.4. The antenna size is 20 ϫ 31.5 mm 2 , and the feeding structure of 50 ⍀ microstrip line is used. The proposed antenna is composed of a rectangular ground with a parasitic strip [1], a planar rectangular radiation patch with a wide slot, which load a tuning stub [6]. The radiation patch has been beveled, which ensures good impedance match over a broad bandwidth [4]. And the wide slot antenna has the simple structure and supplies the omnidirectional patterns [7]. A parasitic strip is printed on the bottom side of the substrate, which leads band-notched characteristic at 5.5 GHz. The spacing between the ground and the parasitic strip is 1 mm. To obtain another stopband, a tuning stub is inserted to the wide slot [6], whi...

A novel compact quad-band internal antenna for mobile handsets operating the , GPS (1575 Ϯ 10 MHz), DCS (1710 -1880 MHz), and PCS (1850 -1990 bands is proposed and implemented. The proposed antenna consists of a feeding strip, shorting strip, and folded loop radiating element with embedded tuning notches. Embedding the notches changes the current flow on the surface of the loop radiator so that the resonant frequencies can be controlled independently by their size and position. The measured impedance bandwidth (VSWR Ͻ 2) of the proposed antenna is 11.3% at GSM band and 27.4% at higher bands including GPS/DCS/PCS. The measured peak gains are 0.51, 2.06, 0.52, and 1.34 dBi, at the GSM, GPS, DCS, and PCS bands, respectively. ABSTRACT: We describe high-efficiency gratings illuminated by incident lights in the C ϩ L bands as the (de)multiplexers for dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) application. This grating is fabricated in fused silica and replicate in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) with the technology of nanoimprint.