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Purpose: Lipid rafts, specialized domains in cell membranes, function as physical platforms for various molecules to coordinate a variety of signal transduction processes. Flotinllin-1 (FLOT1), a marker of lipid rafts, is involved in the progression of cancer, but the precise mechanism remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of FLOT1 on the tumorigenesis of breast cancer cells and its clinical significance in progression of the disease.Experimental Design: FLOT1 expression was analyzed in 212 paraffin-embedded, archived clinical breast cancer samples by using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The effect of FLOT1 on cell proliferation and tumorigenesis was examined in vitro and in vivo. Western blotting and luciferase reporter analyses were carried out to identify the effects of downregulating FLOT1 on expression of cell cycle regulators and transcriptional activity of FOXO3a.Results: IHC analysis revealed high expression of FLOT1 in 129 of the 212 (60.8%) paraffin-embedded archived breast cancer specimens. The overall expression level of FLOT1 significantly correlated with clinical staging and poor patient survival of breast cancer. Strikingly, we found that silencing FLOT1 inhibited proliferation and tumorigenicity of breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo, which was further shown to be mechanistically associated with suppression of Akt activity, enhanced transcriptional activity of FOXO3a, upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21Cip1 and p27 Kip1, and downregulation of the CDK regulator cyclin D1.Conclusions: FLOT1 plays an important role in promoting proliferation and tumorigenesis of human breast cancer and may represent a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for the disease.

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The DNA damage response (DDR) encompasses multi-step processes by which cells evolve to sense DNA damage, transduce the signal and initiate the repair of damaged DNA. Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) Kinase, which functions as the primary sensor and transducer of DNA damage signal, has been demonstrated to play an important role in the DDR and cancer prevention. Hence, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of ATM has received much attention. Here, we found that miR-18a was upregulated in both cell lines and patients' tissue samples of breast cancer. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ectopically expressing miR-18a downregulated ATM expression by directly targeting the ATM-3′-UTR and abrogated the IR-induced cell cycle arrest. Similar to the effect of ATM siRNA, overexpressing miR-18a in breast cancer cells reduced the DNA damage repair ability and the efficiency of homologous recombination-based DNA repair (HRR) and sensitized cells to γ-irradiation (IR) treatment. However, inhibition of miR-18a led to augmentation of DNA damage repair, increase of HRR efficiency and reduced cellular radiosensitivity. Moreover, we showed that the phorsphorylation level and nuclear foci formation of H2AX and 53BP1, the downstream substrates of ATM kinase, were significantly deceased in miR-18a overexpressing cells. Taken together, our results uncover a new regulatory mechanism of ATM expression and suggest that miR-18a might be a novel therapeutic target.

Acteoside is one kind of phenylethanoid glycoside, which has shown a lot of biological activities. This article reviewed the study progress of acteoside, such as distribution, preparation, identification, and bioactivities.

Objective: To investigate whether chronic endometritis (CE) affects the immune status of peripheral blood and endometrium in patients with recurrent reproductive failure (RRF). Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Private fertility center. Patients(s): A total of 524 RRF patients, including 324 women with recurrent miscarriage (RM) and 200 women with recurrent implantation failure (RIF). Intervention(s): Peripheral blood and endometrium samples were collected in the midluteal phase before in vitro fertilization treatment or pregnancy. The number of peripheral T, natural killer (NK), and B cells, as well as cytotoxicity of NK cells and expression of T H 1 cytokines were analyzed with the use of flow cytometry, and uterine immune cells were subjected to immunohistochemistry. Main Outcome Measure(s): Peripheral immune cells, cytokines, NK cytotoxicity, and endometrial immune cells were compared in RRF patients with versus without CE. Result(s): The proportion and function of the analyzed immune cell subsets in peripheral blood as well as the percentages of CD56 þ NK cells, CD163 þ M2 macrophages, and CD1a þ immature dendritic cells in the endometrium were not significantly altered between non-CE and CE patients, whereas the proportions of uterine CD68 þ macrophages, CD83 þ mature dendritic cells, CD8 þ T cells, and Foxp3 þ regulatory T cells were significantly elevated in CE patients. After antibiotic treatment, the percentage of CD68 þ macrophages, CD83 þ mature dendritic cells, CD8 þ T cells, and Foxp3 þ regulatory T cells in endometrium were significantly reduced in patients with cured CE. Conclusion(s): CE contributes to elevated endometrial infiltration levels of immune cells. The excessive presence of endometrial immune cells in CE patients may be involved in reduced endometrial receptivity and recurrent pregnancy failures. (Fertil Steril Ò 2020;113: 187-96. Ó2019 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.) El resumen está disponible en Español al final del artículo.

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