Para quantificar e eliminar a subjetividade na avaliação postural pode ser utilizada a fotogrametria. O objetivo deste foi verificar a fidedignidade e a objetividade em medidas (ângulos, alinhamentos e comprimentos) obtidas por meio do Software para Avaliação Postural (SAPO). Foram fotografadas 30 mulheres (idade = 22.4 ± 1.5 anos), nos planos anterior, posterior, lateral direita e esquerda. Cada avaliadora (duas), individualmente, fez as marcações dos pontos anatômicos e o registro fotográfico. Uma semana após, cada uma digitalizou os pontos anatômicos nas fotos. Este processo foi repetido por uma avaliadora uma semana após a primeira digitalização. Para averiguar a fidedignidade e a objetividade foi utilizada a correlação de Pearson. Das 29 medidas, em 26 pontos anatômicos foi obtida alta correlação (r = .85 a 1.0), em dois a correlação foi moderada (r = .61 a .78) e, somente em um ponto anatômico foi observada baixa correlação (r = .42). As correlações inter avaliadores foram baixas (r = .13 a .59) em 15 pontos anatômicos, moderadas (r = .61 a .74) em 10 pontos e, em quatro pontos foi alta (r = .81 a .82). O SAPO possui fidedignidade em análises derivadas de uma única captura fotográfica. Quando duas avaliadoras fazem as demarcações dos pontos anatômicos, fotografam e digitalizam as imagens, foi observada objetividade baixa a moderada.
Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of mat Pilates (MP) versus MP plus aerobic exercise (AE) compared with the effects of no intervention on ambulatory blood pressure (BP) in women with hypertension. Methods This 3-arm, parallel-group randomized clinical trial assessed 60 women who had hypertension and were 30 to 59 years old. The intervention lasted 16 weeks, and the participants were allocated into 3 groups: mat Pilates only (MP group), mat Pilates with alternating bouts of AE on a treadmill (MP + AE group), and control group (CG), with no exercises. Primary outcomes were the effects of the interventions on ambulatory BP assessed in the 24-hour, awake, and asleep periods of analysis. Results A 2-way analysis of variance did not reveal statistically significant differences in between-group comparisons in the 24-hour period of analysis for systolic BP (CG versus MP = 3.3 [95% CI = −7.1 to 13.8]; MP versus MP + AE = 0.7 [95% CI = −4 to 5.4]; CG versus MP + AE = 4.0 [95% CI = −5.2 to 13.4]), diastolic BP (CG versus MP = 2.2 [95% CI = −5.6 to 10.0]; MP versus MP + AE = 1.1 [95% CI = −4.3 to 6.5]; CG versus MP + AE = 3.3 [95% CI = −3.8 to 10.4]), and heart rate (CG versus MP = 3.4 [95% CI = −2 to 8.8]; MP versus MP + AE = 2.0 [95% CI = −3.4 to 7.5]; CG versus MP + AE = 5.4 [95% CI = −0.8 to 11.8]). The awake and asleep periods of analyses also showed similar behavior and did not reveal statistically significant between-group differences. Furthermore, in the responsiveness analysis based on the minimal clinically important difference, no differences were observed between groups. Conclusion The magnitudes of the decrease in systolic BP during the 24-hour period of analysis were − 3 and − 5.48 mm Hg for the MP and MP + AE groups, without differences for responsiveness between groups. The results suggest that MP supplemented with AE or not supplemented with AE may be an alternative adjuvant treatment for women who have hypertension and are using antihypertension medication. Impact. Sixteen weeks of MP training reduced ambulatory BP in women who had hypertension. The MP + AE group displayed a BP reduction similar to that of the MP group. A reduction in ambulatory BP can decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Error in measurement of a posture evaluation system is related to the digitalization, camera resolution and distance in relation to the volunteer studied, among others. These errors are summed up during the process and many of them are not possible to be avoided; however, they must be known and quantified. Objective: to quantify the error of the positions measured by SAPO (postural assessment software) in different experimental situations. Methods: 16 photos of a 1.40m tall articulated mannequin were taken at the anterior, posterior, right lateral and left lateral planes with 3.2 and 12.0 megapixels resolution cameras, at 3.0m and 5.0m from the model. To quantify the error, the differences between the measurements obtained by SAPO and the ones made directed on the mannequin were calculated. Results: the mean values of the horizontal, vertical, angular and distance measurements are close to zero; however, some angles were larger for the left and right measurements. The 3.2 megapixel digital camera located 3 m away showed the lowest error. The digitalization position is not influenced by the experience of the evaluators. Conclusion: SAPO is an accurate method for clinical use. Further studies are necessary to verify the effect of the position plane of the volunteer in relation to the camera, the effect of the relocation and the measurement palpation provided by the software.
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