Atenolol adalah pemblok selektif β-1 yang memberikan efek antihipertensi. Atenolol memiliki permeabilitas yang kurang baik dalam saluran cerna sehingga untuk meningkatkan bioavaibilitas dibuat sediaan dalam bentuk patch bukal mukoadhesif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelepasan atenolol dan karakteristik fisik patch bukal mukoadhesif dengan variasi kadar Na-CMC dan PVP K-30. Sediaan patch bukal dibuat dengan lima variasi kadar (Na-CMC:PVP K-30) yaitu formula I (90:10); formula II (70:30); formula III (50:50); formula IV (30:70) dan formula V (10:90). Patch dibuat dengan menggunakan metode solvent casting. Evaluasi sediaan patch meliputi mutu fisik, keseragaman bobot, ketebalan patch, daya tahan lipatan, pH permukaan, swelling index, keseragaman kandungan, dan pelepasan atenolol secara in-vitro menggunakan alat sel difusi Franz. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan ketebalan patch
Sunscreen, also known as sunblock, is a photoprotective topical product for the skin that absorbs or reflects some of the sun's ultraviolet radiation and thus helps protect against sunburn. Breadfruit leaves are one of the natural substances that could be used as sunscreen. It contains flavonoids, which may help to protect against the detrimental effects of UV rays. The goal of this study is to determine the formula of a sunscreen cream made from breadfruit leaves extract that meets excellent physical quality standards, as well as the results of an in vitro SPF value test using breadfruit leaves extract as a sunscreen cream preparation. The study was designed as a laboratory-based experiment. Breadfruit leaves extract prepared using the reflux method was employed in this study. Furthermore, the viscous extract was transformed into a sunscreen cream, which was then evaluated either physically or by calculating the SPF value. The results showed that breadfruit leaves extract at 200 ppm had an SPF of 19.023 in the ultra protection category while the sunscreen cream had an SPF of 18.624 in the ultra protection category at a concentration of 10.000 ppm. The UV protection of the sunscreen cream made from breadfruit leaves extract is excellent.
Selulit terjadi akibat perubahan pada jaringan adiposa yang menyebabkan fibrosklerosis, sehingga kulit nampak seperti kulit jeruk. Kafein merupakan zat yang aman dan efektif untuk mengobati selulit, namun sulit berpenetrasi melewati stratum korneum. Asam glikolat memiliki kemampuan meningkatkan penetrasi perkutan dengan mengurangi kohesi seluler antar keratinosit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh asam glikolat terhadap penetrasi kafein dalam sediaan gel. Gel terdiri dari kafein 1,5%, asam glikolat 5%, karbopol 2%, trietanolamin 0,5%, metilparaben 0,02%, propilparaben 0,01%, propilenglikol 15%, dan air. Formula 1 tidak mengandung asam glikolat dan formula 2 mengandung asam glikolat 5%. Sediaan dievaluasi selama 28 hari, meliputi: organoleptis, homogenitas, pH, viskositas, dan uji penetrasi secara in vitro menggunakan difusi Franz selama 6 jam dan dibandingkan dengan gel antiselulit yang sudah beredar di pasaran. Gel kafein terbukti stabil pada berbagai suhu penyimpanan dan cycling test. Jumlah kafein terpenetrasi pada sediaan gel pembanding, formula 1, dan formula 2 adalah 105,302; 173,241; dan 346,577 µg/cm 2 . Hasil menunjukkan asam glikolat mampu meningkatkan penetrasi kafein perkutan dalam sediaan gel.
AbstrakIbuprofen dikenal sebagai obat antiinflamasi nonsteroid yang digunakan untuk analgetik dan antipiretik dan termasuk obat dengan kelarutan rendah, tetapi memiliki permeabilitas yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan ibuprofen dengan kelarutan dan disolusi yang lebih tinggi dengan membentuk mikropartikel menggunakan metode emulsification-ionic gelation. Partikel ibuprofen dikarakterisasi menggunakan Scanning Elektron Microscopy dan Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Kemudian dilakukan uji kelarutan dan uji disolusi ibuprofen. Pengujian karakteristik menggunakan SE, mikropartikel pH 2, pH4, pH 6 mengalami penurunan ukuran partikel berturut-turut sebesar 97,48%, 84%, dan 72% dari ukuran ibuprofen. Kelarutan ibuprofen setelah proses emulsification-ionic-gelation dalam air pada pH 6 meningkat delapan kali, sedangkan disolusi ibuprofen tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh partikel ibuprofen pada formula 3 yang dapat mendisolusi ibuprofen lebih dari 44% dalam 30 menit pada media dapar HCl 0,1N dibandingkan dengan formula yang lain. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh adalah partikel ibuprofen setelah proses emulsification-ionicgelation dapat memperkecil ukuran partikel dan meningkatkan kelarutan tetapi tidak dengan disolusinya.Kata kunci: Ibuprofen, emulsification-ionic-gelation, polivinil alkohol, kelarutan, disolusi Increasing Solubility and Dissolution of Ibuprofen through the Formation of Microparticles Emulsification-Ionic-Gelation Method using Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) as Polymer and Tripolyphosphate (TPP) as Crosslink Agent AbstractIbuprofen is known as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used for analgesics and antipyretics. It is classified as a drug with low solubility, but high permeability. The aim of this research was to produce higher solubility and dissolution of ibuprofen by forming microparticle which used emulsification ionic gelation method and the influence microparticle formed to penetration of ibuprofen. Ibuprofen particles were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Then solubility test and ibuprofen dissolution test were carried out. Characteristic test using SEM ibuprofen with pH 2, pH4, pH 6 have decreased in particle size of 97.48%, 84%, and 72% of ibuprofen size, respectively. The solubility of ibuprofen after the emulsification-ionic-gelation process in water at pH 6 increased eight times, and the highest dispersion of ibuprofen was demonstrated by the ibuprofen particles of formula 3 which could disintegrate ibuprofen by more than 44% in 30 min in 0.1N HCl buffer media compared with other formulas. It can be concluded that ibuprofen particles after the emulsification-ionic-gelation process can decrease particle size and increase solubility but not by its disolutions.
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