A MoS2-supported-calix[4]arene (MoS2-CA4) nanocatalyst was used for efficient synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazole derivatives from 1-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethane-1,2-dione, aldehydes and ammonium acetate under solvent-free conditions. Reusability of the catalyst up to five cycles without any significant loss in the yields of the product is the unique feature of this heterogeneous solid catalysis. Furthermore, the noteworthy highlights of this method are safe reaction profiles, broad substrate scope, excellent yields, economical, solvent-free, and simple workup conditions. All synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antitubercular (TB) activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) H37Rv. Among the screened compounds 3c, 3d, 3f, 3m, and 3r had MIC values of 2.15, 2.78, 5.75, 1.36, and 0.75 μM, respectively, and exhibited more potency than the reference drugs pyrazinamide (MIC: 3.12 μM), ciprofloxacin (MIC: 4.73 μM), and ethambutol (7.61 μM). Besides, potent compounds (3c, 3d, 3f, 3m, and 3r) have been tested for inhibition of MabA (β-ketoacyl-ACP reductase) enzyme and cytotoxic activity against mammalian Vero cell line. A molecular docking study was carried out on the MabA (PDB ID: 1UZN) enzyme to predict the interactions of the synthesized compounds. The results of the in vitro anti-TB activity and docking study showed that synthesized compounds have a strong anti-TB activity and can be adapted and produced more effectively as a lead compound.

Pesticide usage is one of the significant issues in modern agricultural practices; hence, monitoring pesticide content and its degradation is of utmost importance. A novel and simple one-pot deep eutectic solvent-based solvothermal method has been developed for the synthesis of FeVO4/reduced graphene oxide (FeV/RGO) nanocomposite. The band gap of FeV decreased upon anchoring with RGO. Enhanced activity in the detection and photocatalytic degradation has been achieved in the FeV/RGO nanocomposite compared to pure FeV and RGO. FeV/RGO was used to modify glassy carbon electrode (GCE), and the fabricated electrode was evaluated for its electrochemical detection of methyl parathion (MP). The amperometric technique was found to be more sensitive with a 0.001–260 μM (two linear ranges; 0.001–20 and 25–260 μM) wide linear range and low limit of detection value (0.70 nM). The practical applicability of modified GCE is more selective and sensitive to real samples like river water and green beans. Photocatalytic degradation of MP has been examined using FeV, RGO, and FeV/RGO nanocomposite. FeV/RGO managed to degrade 95% of MP under solar light in 80 min. Degradation parameters were optimized carefully to attain maximum efficiency. Degradation intermediates were identified using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. The degradation mechanism has been studied in detail. FeV/RGO could serve as a material of choice in the field of electrochemical sensors as well as heterogeneous catalysis toward environmental remediation.

The stable flower-like layered structure of molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 )−graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites was synthesized by a one-pot hydrothermal process. The novel nanoarchitecture of MoS 2 −GO nanocomposites acts as an electrocatalyst in multifunctional electrochemical performance. The distribution and morphological studies for MoS 2 −GO nanocomposites were analyzed via X-ray diffraction, energydispersive X-ray analysis, scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer−Emmett−Teller, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. Modified graphite felt (MGF) electrodes were developed using a spray-coating process to uniformly distribute MoS 2 −GO nanocomposites on graphite felt. The 1 mg cm −2 MGF electrode showed the best electrochemical activity and electrochemical reversibility toward the redox couples of the iron(II) electrolyte, as indicated in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and Tafel plots; this may be due to the presence of sulfur and oxygen heteroatom layers of the MoS 2 −GO nanocomposites, which are more actively participated in the charge transfer redox reactions of the iron(II) electrolyte. Iron redox flow battery performance with an active area of 132 cm 2 was found to be 99.95% of coulombic efficiency (η c ), with a corresponding peak power density of 75.60 mW cm −2 . Furthermore, in 1.0 M KOH, MoS 2 −GO nanocomposites demonstrate effective electrocatalysis for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The complete catalytic impact of MoS 2 −GO nanocomposites toward the OER was investigated. The MoS 2 −GO nanocomposites show an overpotential of 1.49 V (recorded at η of 10) and a Tafel slope of 381 mV dec −1 and remain stable after 20 h of chronoamperometry in 1.0 M KOH. The OER activity of MoS 2 −GO nanocomposites was found to be significantly higher than that of the bare screen-printed electrode and MoS 2 .

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