Fabrication of FeVO₄/RGO Nanocomposite: An Amperometric Probe for Sensitive Detection of Methyl Parathion in Green Beans and Solar Light-Induced Degradation

Abstract

Pesticide usage is one of the significant issues in modern agricultural practices; hence, monitoring pesticide content and its degradation is of utmost importance. A novel and simple one-pot deep eutectic solvent-based solvothermal method has been developed for the synthesis of FeVO4/reduced graphene oxide (FeV/RGO) nanocomposite. The band gap of FeV decreased upon anchoring with RGO. Enhanced activity in the detection and photocatalytic degradation has been achieved in the FeV/RGO nanocomposite compared to pure FeV and RGO. FeV/RGO was used to modify glassy carbon electrode (GCE), and the fabricated electrode was evaluated for its electrochemical detection of methyl parathion (MP). The amperometric technique was found to be more sensitive with a 0.001–260 μM (two linear ranges; 0.001–20 and 25–260 μM) wide linear range and low limit of detection value (0.70 nM). The practical applicability of modified GCE is more selective and sensitive to real samples like river water and green beans. Photocatalytic degradation of MP has been examined using FeV, RGO, and FeV/RGO nanocomposite. FeV/RGO managed to degrade 95% of MP under solar light in 80 min. Degradation parameters were optimized carefully to attain maximum efficiency. Degradation intermediates were identified using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. The degradation mechanism has been studied in detail. FeV/RGO could serve as a material of choice in the field of electrochemical sensors as well as heterogeneous catalysis toward environmental remediation.

Review—Graphene-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Detecting Environmental Pollutants

“…Amperometric method was performed to sense the target analytes and the sensitivity was produced in the linear range of 0.001-260 μm and low LOD up to 0.70 nM. 58 In another work Gopal Boopathy et al, developed GO based sensor for detecting the pollutant Catechol. The developed material with graphene oxide and nickel molybdate produces excellent stability, selectivity and repeatability.…”

Recent Developments in the Applications of GO/rGO-Based Biosensing Platforms for Pesticide Detection

“…The evaluation of charge transfer resistance (Rct) measured using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) showed a decrease in the Rct of the modified GCE as compared to the unmodified electrode. This indicated the easy and rapid mobility of electrons at the junction of the electrode–electrolyte interaction at the time of the oxidation reduction of the [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3−/4− [ 27 ].…”

Ultrasound assisted fabrication of InVO4/In2S3 heterostructure for enhanced sonophotocatalytic degradation of pesticides

“…Pesticides are dispersed throughout the ecosystem via water and air and concentrate along the food chain, where they can seriously endanger both human health and biodiversity [5] , [6] . Pesticides cause soil toxicity and environmental contamination when they are used frequently and extensively [7] , [8] . Unfortunately, pesticides have become so ingrained in contemporary agriculture that they can no longer be avoided.…”