Coat protein sequences of 22 Papaya ringspot virus isolates collected from different locations in Jamaica and Venezuela in 1999 and 2004, respectively, were determined and compared with sequences of isolates from earlier epidemics in 1990 and 1993. Jamaican isolates collected in 1999 exhibited nucleotide sequence identities between 98 and 100% but shared lower identities of 92.2% with an isolate collected in 1990. Isolates from the 2004 epidemic in Venezuela exhibited more heterogeneity, with identities between 88.7 and 98.8%. However, isolates collected in 1993 were more closely related (97.7%). The viral populations of the two countries are genetically different and appear to be changing at different rates; presumably driven by introductions, movement of plant materials, geographical isolation, and disease management practices.
Salvia leucantha Cav. (Lamiaceae), native to Mexico, is found in Venezuela in parks and gardens. Hydrodistillation of the fresh leaves of this plant yielded 0.05% of essential oil. GC and GC/MS analyses permitted the identification of 30 compounds, which made up 95.9% of the oil. The most abundant constituents were bornyl acetate (24.1%), β-gurjunene (14.8%), β-caryophyllene (14.1%), dillapiol (11.0%) and bicyclogermacrene (8.9%).
Las flores secas de Aldama dentata (Asteraceae), fueron extraídas con etanol; se le realizó tamizaje fitoquímico. Se comprobó la presencia de lactonas, flavonoides, y compuestos fenólicos. Se cuantificaron fenoles y flavonoides mediante la reacción de Folin Ciocalteu y AlCl3, respectivamente. Los resultados confirmaron que posee una cantidad cuantificable de estos compuestos, por lo que se evaluó la actividad antimicrobiana, empleando el método de difusión en agar con discos, frente a microrganismos de referencia internacional. El extracto resultó activo contra S. aureus, P.aeruginosa, K. pneumonie y E. coli. La actividad antioxidante mostró un % INH (Porcentaje de Inhibición) del 91,17%, muy cercano al ácido ascórbico que fue de 95,83%, lo que se traduce en un alto poder antioxidante, que influye en el Factor de Protección Solar (FPS) que fue de 15, catalogado como “alto”. Es la primera vez que se reporta el tamizaje fitoquímico, la actividad antimicrobiana, antioxidante y fotoprotectora de esta especie.
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