Oximes are an easily prepared and transformed unit, which are widely used in organic synthesis. The oximes, including oxime ethers and esters, could realize various transformations, such as C–H bond activation, Heck‐type reactions, N–O bond cleavage/C–N bond formation, O–H bond cleavage and couplings. However, there is no a comprehensive review on this subject. Herein, we summarize the recent advances over the past 15 years in transition metal‐catalyzed reactions involving oximes, focusing on the reaction scope, limitations and mechanisms.
Defect engineering is a prevailing strategy for enhancing the oxygen evolution reaction activity for water spitting of electrocatalysts with a single phase or single metal; however, the exact role of...
The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of vital importance for electrochemical energy conversion technologies. The use of metal−organic framework (MOF) catalysts after postprocessing is an important method to optimize catalytic activity; however, little attention has been paid to the transformation of the electronic structure and coordinated ions under operando conditions. Here, we focus on a Prussian blue analogue (PBA) with the formula Na 2 Co 2+ [Fe 2+ (CN) 6 ]•nH 2 O after postprocessing at a temperature of 400 °C. The catalysts exhibit a significant improvement in the OER activity with an overpotential of 254 mV against 320 mV for the initial PBA at 10 mA cm −2 in 1 M KOH. Our ex situ soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) results demonstrate that some of the high-spin Co 2+ and low-spin Fe 2+ ions of PBA exhibit exchange with N and C ligands. Our fast operando hard XAS study revealed a dynamic evolution process of the transformation of ligands from N(C) in the initial Na 2 Co[Fe(CN) 6 ]•nH 2 O to oxygen and the formation of pure low-spin Co 3+ oxide and high-spin Fe 3+ oxide after OER. The amorphous (Co,Fe)OOH chemical state was identified as the catalytically active state based on our operando X-ray spectroscopy results. The results of this study provide insights into a dynamic evolution process of MOFs after postprocessing and the formation of real active sites during electrocatalysis.
There is increasing interest in understanding how office accommodation affects organizational productivity. Data on metrics of engagement, job satisfaction, job performance and facility complaints for thousands of employees (n = 14,569) of a large Canadian financial organization were analysed to explore differences in outcomes between those working in green-certified office buildings (n = 10) and those in otherwise similar conventional buildings (n = 10). Overall, green-certified buildings demonstrated higher scores on survey outcomes related to job satisfaction, value to clients and stakeholders, evaluation of management, and corporate engagement. There was also a tendency for manager-assessed job performance to be higher in green-certified buildings. Nevertheless, not all green-certified buildings outperformed all conventional buildings, and superior performance was not exhibited on all outcomes examined. A key observation is that such metrics are routinely recorded by organizations, but relating them to building characteristics is new. Recognition of such datasets opens up many promising avenues for buildings research.
Background and AimsIn this brief report, we compare the effectiveness and safety of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) and conventional 10 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in patients with methamphetamine use disorder (MAUD). Our study suggests that iTBS would also reduce drug craving in patients with MAUD just as the 10 Hz; thus, there may be no difference in treatment effects between these two methods.MethodsIn total twenty male methamphetamine (MA) addicts were randomly assigned to iTBS (n = 10) or 10 Hz (n = 10) groups for 12 treatments. Cue-evoked cravings, anxiety, depression, and withdrawal symptoms were measured at baseline before the first treatment, and post-tests after days 10, 15, and 20.ResultsThe results showed that iTBS and 10 Hz treatment had similar effectiveness in reducing cue-induced craving in male addicts for MA. Both 10 Hz and iTBS improved withdrawal symptoms of patients with MAUD.ConclusionsIntermittent theta burst stimulation may be similar in effectiveness as 10 Hz in treating patients with MAUD. The clinical usefulness of rTMS could be improved substantially because of the increase in its capacity, cost, and accessibility. Importantly, the effectiveness of rTMS in the treatment of patients with MAUD is not yet proven, and should be tested in the large double-blind sham-controlled studies.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.