BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the main etiological factor for the development of cervical cancer. Here we assessed the prevalence and distribution of HPV genotypes in Fujian population.MethodsA total of 8678 women aging from 17 to 84 years olds were recruited from the Fujian Medical University Union Hospital in Fujian Province. Every woman had a face-to-face interview. Cervical samples were collected from each participant and HPV screening was conducted using microarray hybridization.ResultsOur study showed that the HPV prevalence in Fujian province was 38.3%. Among the positive individuals, 70.6% were detected for single HPV infection, 29.4% for multiple HPV infections. Further analysis showed that the prevalence of HPV infection significantly increased from 2009 to 2015. The four most common high risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) genotypes were HPV16 (8.5%), HPV52 (7.9%), HPV58 (6.2%), HPV 53 (3.5%), collectively accounting for 60.5% of all detected HPV infection. Age subgroup analysis showed two peaks for the frequencies of overall and multiple HPV infections, one for the group of women under 25 years old, and the other for the group over 55 years old.ConclusionsHPV infection is becoming serious in Fujian province, which indicates the imperative to implement a HPV vaccination and screening program for this region.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the numerical simulation method regarding the coalescence and breakup of droplets occurring during the gas‐liquid separation process and their influence on the separation efficiency and pressure drop. The Euler‐Lagrange method was used, and the discrete phase was simulated as an unsteady process. The results of the study indicate that numerical simulation results show better agreement with the experiment results when the coalescence and breakup model is taken into account. During the unsteady process, it was concluded that the simulation can meet the accuracy requirements as long as the Courant number of droplets is less than 1/3. The coalescence increases the droplet diameter, which improves the separation efficiency and reduces the pressure drop, whereas the opposite effect occurs with the breakup. Compared with other factors, the influence of the surface tension on the coalescence and breakup is more apparent, and droplets with a lower surface tension may be prone to coalescing or breaking. The coalescence occurs with a lower separation velocity, whereas breakup becomes predominant with higher separation velocity. The present research provides valuable suggestions on choosing strategies to improve the separation efficiency. For droplets with small surface tension, the separation velocity is restricted to not resulting breakup, and the separation efficiency can be improved by changing the shapes and spaces of the wave plate. In contrast, for droplets with large surface tension, increasing the velocity is an effective way to improve the separation efficiency.

PurposeTo maintain the well integrity, the strength and sealing ability of premium connection should be in the safe scope. ISO 13679 is widely used for evaluating the ability of tubing and casing connection all over the world. FE is adopted to simulate the ISO 13679 tests.Design/methodology/approachBecause of the disadvantage of experiment such as long period, high cost and high requirement on the facility, considering the convenience and universality of finite element method, as well as the contacting nonlinearity and material nonlinearity, three-dimensional finite element model of a certain type of premium connection is established with the consideration of helix angle. The loads exerted on the premium connection are the loads in series B test and thermal cycle test of ISO 13679. The distributions of Von Mises stress and contact pressure in various cases were studied.FindingsThe results showed that the bending load has a great influence on the distribution of Von Mises stress and contact pressure for premium connection. The Von Mises stress and contact pressures on the sealing surface are smaller on the tension side and greater on the compression side. With increasing axial compression load, the contact pressures on the tension side are too small, which may lead to sealing failure. The influence of temperature on the performance of premium connection cannot be ignored when choosing or designing premium connections. Both the Von Mises stress and contact pressure decrease slightly during a period of thermal cycle. Although the performance of the premium connection is good in a period of thermal cycle, its performance in a long period should be evaluated. Finite element simulation can effectively simulate the ISO 13679 test procedure and obtain the stress and contact pressure distribution. It can be used as a reference for evaluating the performance of premium connections.Originality/valueConsidering the convenience and universality of finite element method, as well as the contacting nonlinearity and material nonlinearity, three-dimensional finite element model of a certain type of premium connection is established with the consideration of helix angle.

To determinate the mineral elements contents in millet，maise，oat，buckwheat，sorghum and purple rice, microwave digestion procedure optimized was applied for digesting six coarse grains. Nineteen mineral element concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Results displayed the limits of detection (LODs) and the limits of quantification (LOQs) range from 0.0047 to 0.1250 μg/mL and 0.0155 to 0.4125 μg/mL. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) range from 0.83% to 5.03%, which showed that this proposed method was accurate and precise to detect mineral elements in coarse grains simultaneously. Correlation coefficients (r) were calculated in the range of 0.999096-0.999989. The sufficient dada obtained described that the coarse grains selected were abundant in mineral element contents in the human body on daily diet. The success of combining the microwave digestion technology with the ICP-AES was a simple and precise method to determine many mineral elements in coarse grains simultaneously.

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