The cultivation of Panax notoginseng is often seriously hindered by root rot disease caused by the accumulation of soil-borne pathogens. Here, the inhibitory activity of Brassica juncea volatiles on P. notoginseng root rot pathogens was assessed and compounds in volatiles were identified. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity and mechanism of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) were deciphered by integrated transcriptome and metabolome analyses. The volatiles of B. juncea showed dose-dependent antimicrobial activity against root rot pathogens. AITC, identified as the main volatile compound, not only significantly inhibited pathogen growth in vitro but also suppressed root rot disease in the field. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomics analysis revealed that AITC inhibited Fusarium solani by interfering with energy production and induced the accumulation of ROS by decreasing the content of glutathione (GSH). In summary, B. juncea releases AITC to inhibit soil-borne pathogens and could be used as a rotation crop or soil fumigant to alleviate root rot disease.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widely present in the environment as toxic pollutants. In this study, quantum chemistry methods are used to study reactions of PAHs in both particle and gas phases. Seven theoretical methods are exploited to predict the reactive sites of 15 PAHs in the particle phase. Among these methods, the performance of the condensed Fukui function (CFF) is optimum. The gas-phase reactions of eight PAHs are also investigated. Except for fluorene, CFF predicts correctly the gas-phase mono-nitro products for seven systems. The products of fluorene predicted by CFF are 1-nitrofluorene and 3-nitrofluorene, which is however inconsistent with the experimental results. Transition state theory is then used to investigate the reaction mechanism of fluorene. Calculated rate constants for 3-nitrofluorene and 2nitrofluorene formation are much bigger than that for 1nitrofluorene formation, which is in agreement with the experimental results.

Objective: This research aims to help explore the theoretical and practical development of Red Tourism Industry in Jiangxi Province, to further improve Red Cultural Industry's cluster degree and make full use of its cluster effect, to strengthen the self-innovation advantages of Red Culture Industry, to form multi-industrial, cross-regional and brand competitive leading industries, and finally to push forward the sustainable development of Jiangxi's Red Cultural Industry. Methods: Through observation and historical analysis, this research adopts a series of methods such as doing interviews, surveys and individual case analysis, explores and analyzes the developing law of Red Cultural Industry. Results: According to the surveys, tourism economy has been developing steadily. In 2012, there were only about 25 million domestic tourists while by the first half of the year 2017, the number has risen to 2.537 billion, nearly one hundred times more than that of 2012; In 2012, the domestic tourism revenue was around 20 billion yuan while by the first half of the year 2017, the number has risen to 2.17 trillion yuan, also more than one hundred times bigger than that of 2012. All the figures point out the good results brought by cluster industries in tourism. However, the development of Tourism is also influenced by some other factors. So how well cluster industry has played in Red Culture Tourism's development are also still needs further and deeper investigation and analysis. Conclusion: Industry cluster is an industrial chain associated with enterprises, research and development and service organizations in specific regions. Through the division of labor, cooperation and collaborative innovation, it forms a multi-industrial, cross-regional and internationally competitive industrial organization. Based on the perspective of industrial clusters, the upgrading research of Red Tourism Industry's developing mode not only promotes the rapid and sustainable economic development of Red Tourism in industrial cluster zones, but also bears great significance in the theoretical structural construction of Red Tourism Industrial Clusters and its practical use in reality. The Theoretical Basis of Tourism Cluster IndustriesThe Concept and Connotation of Tourism Cluster Industries. According to Michael Port (1998), the professor of Harvard University, Cluster Industries are the phenomenon where a large number of industry-related enterprises and related support institutions (including research institutions) are agglomerated in space to form a strong and sustained competitive advantage through synergies in a particular area (usually dominated by a leading industry). Cluster Industries also include a number of interconnected industries and other entities that play an important role in competition.[1] In other words, cluster industries include both upstream and downstream enterprises, suppliers of complementary products, suppliers of specialized infrastructure, and other institutions that provide training, education, information, research an...

Background Psychological capital is closely related to primary school teachers' profession. It can not only promote the growth of teachers, but also directly affect the quality of school education and teaching and the growth of students. Therefore, it is particularly important to establish positive psychological capital in the pre service training stage of primary school teachers. The purpose of this study is to understand the current situation of the psychological capital level of primary school pre service teachers in China and the differences under the influence of different factors, so as to provide a basis for the relevant research on improving the psychological capital level of primary school pre service teachers. The corresponding training suggestions are put forward. Subjects and Methods This study selected 864 pre service teachers majoring in primary education from four normal universities and three comprehensive universities in China, conducted a survey through the Internet, and collected 831 valid questionnaires. According to the four dimensions of psychological capital, this study designed a questionnaire of psychological capital of pre service primary school teachers to investigate the level of psychological capital of pre service primary school teachers. Results The survey results showed that the psychological capital of pre service primary school teachers was generally at the upper middle level. There are significant differences in the overall level and dimension of pre service primary school teachers' psychological capital in terms of gender, origin and family economic status. Gender, family background and family economic status have a significant impact on the psychological capital level of pre service primary school teachers. Through the research, we found that citizens with higher levels of psychological capital have lower levels of anxiety and depression. Therefore, we can think that citizens with high internal psychological capital can alleviate the psychological pressure, anxiety and depression brought by psychological capital to a great extent through their own psychological quality. We also found that relatively speaking, citizens with high individual psychological capital are less affected by family factors, work and life, traffic safety, their own health and future fear. Teachers with high level of psychological capital will deal with the influence of family factors well. They are full of hope for the future and optimistic about life, and will not worry too much about the impact of life. From the questionnaire survey results, the internal consistency: odd and even split half reliability coefficient is 0.86 (Spearman Brown correlation coefficient is 0.93). Retest consistency: the stability coefficient of the scale retested within a few weeks is usually 0.70-0.80. It shows that the influence of students' Psychological Capital on anxiety is very key. If the patient is asked to answer according to the situation of the day, BDI evaluates state anxiety. If the patient is asked to answer according to the situation of the past week, the stability is much better. From the aggregation validity: BDI was significantly correlated with the evaluation of clinical depression, and the correlation coefficient was 0.60-0.90, which varied with the sample size. BDI score is also related to other clinical indicators, such as biological examination, electrophysiological examination, psychosocial test and the degree of sleep disorder. Therefore, its correlation with other scales must be good (r value range is 0.50-0.80). Factor analysis of BDI often leads to three interrelated factors: negative attitude or suicide, physical symptoms and operational difficulties. When the three factors are further (secondary) extracted, a “overall depression” factor can be obtained. The correlation of three skew factors and the generation of a single quadratic factor show that the internal consistency of the scale is good. Discriminant validity: the correlation between BDI and clinical depression (0.59) was greater than that with anxiety (0.14). Some authors doubt the discriminant validity of BDI, especially for anxiety and depression, but it can be used to distinguish different types of depression and different diagnoses. In addition, the answer to BDI items may be affected by social expectations, that is, to answer according to expectation tendency. The correlation between BDI and Edwards social expectation scale is about 0.80, because the latter partially shows people's self-esteem. Conclusion The survey found that although the psychological capital of pre service primary school teachers is generally at the upper middle level, there is still much room for improvement. In order to enable pre service primary school teachers to better engage in the profession of primary school teachers, the improvement and training of psychological capital should be incorporated into the mental health education system of pre service primary school teachers, and pre service primary school teachers should be trained in optimism, hope, health and health, self-efficacy and resilience, so as to develop their own psychological potential and improve their competitive advantage.

Panax notoginseng saponins (PNSs) are used as industrial raw materials to produce many drugs to treat cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. However, it is a heat-sensitive plant, and its large-scale artificial cultivation is impeded by high temperature stress, leading to decreases in productivity and PNSs yield. Here, we examined exogenous foliar leucine to alleviate heat stress and explored the underlying mechanism using metabolomics. The results indicated that 3 and 5 mM exogenous foliar leucine significantly alleviated heat stress in one-year- and two-year-old P. notoginseng in pots and field trials. Exogenous foliar leucine enhanced the antioxidant capacity by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes (POD, SOD) and the contents of antioxidant metabolites (amino acids). Moreover, exogenous foliar leucine enhanced carbohydrate metabolism, including sugars (sucrose, maltose) and TCA cycle metabolites (citric acid, aconitic acid, succinic acid and fumaric acid), in P. notoginseng leaves, stems, and fibrous roots to improve the energy supply of plants and further alleviate heat stress. Field experiments further verified that exogenous foliar leucine increased the productivity and PNSs accumulation in P. notoginseng. These results suggest that leucine application is beneficial for improving the growth and quality of P. notoginseng under heat stress. It is therefore possible to develop plant growth regulators based on leucine to improve the heat resistance of P. notoginseng and other crops.