Road formation is the basic requirement of modern country. Manholes on the road are the main objects result in uneven surfaces. They are not only the killer of public safety, but also the main cause of national compensation; therefore, it is necessary to implement the underground manhole. However, it is not easy to search for the manhole from underground. Thus, it is essential to develop a set of searching, authentication, and precision positioning technologies. We analyze the pros and cons of metal detection, GPS location and RFID authentication approaches as well as their restrictions, of which the first two can only be used as navigational aids to arrive at the scene. While RFID can help to identify manholes, putting the manhole cover 20 cm below the asphalt concrete (AC) pavement creates more complications. Not only the reading distance is way too long for normal operation, but also the filling through the aquifer, and to avoid metal interference comes from the manholes, traditional RFID reader cannot achieve such purpose. Therefore special design is inevitable. In this paper, we analysis the RFID spectrum as well as the characteristics of binding RFID tags and metal. We than utilize the environmental characteristics of underground manhole, and design a special-purpose RFID tag -Ground Tag, in order to propose an integrated solution for searching, authentication and precision positioning of the underground manhole.
In transfusion medicine, the process of preparing or separating blood components from the whole blood is essential because the indication for the use of unfractionated whole blood almost does not exist nowadays. Since blood is uneasily-collected and easily-perished, a blood center or a hospital blood bank might as well aggressively manage the volume of each blood component, so as to decrease any waste. We assume that the process of blood component preparation can be underlaid by a so-called blood component tree, where each vertex representing a blood component with a certain value is derived from its parent vertex. Initially given a certain amount of the root blood component in a blood component tree (noticing that the amount of every other blood component is zero initially), the blood component preparation problem is concerned with finding the assignment of amount of each blood component such that the total value is maximized while satisfying the demand limit of every blood component. In this paper, we propose a linear time algorithm (in the size of vertices) for efficiently coping with the concerned problem, which also can be modeled as a linear program. Some theoretical analyses are included in this paper.Index Terms-dynamic programming, design and analysis of algorithms, blood component preparation
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