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Patients and methods: Sixteen patients (15 males, 1 female; mean age 34.8±15.2 years; range, 18 to 58 years) who were treated with an antegrade trochanteric IMN between January 2009 and July 2013 and eight healthy male controls (mean age 39.3±9.8 years; range, 27 to 57 years) were included in this retrospective study. Muscle strength, static and dynamic postural stability and fall risk were evaluated. In addition, spatiotemporal parameters of gait were assessed using a validated wireless inertial sensing device and a wireless electromyography (EMG) device was used to measure electromyographic activity of GMed muscle in both groups. Results: There were significant differences in muscle strength, functional and dynamic balance test scores between operated and intact sides (one-leg hop test score p=0.009, balance test scores p<0.001-0.033). There were significant differences in functional and quality of life physical function test scores between groups (one-leg hop test score p=0.014). However, no significant differences were found in EMG results, dynamics balance, and statics postural stability test scores between groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: After isolated femur fracture, patients treated with antegrade trochanteric IMN demonstrated good static and dynamic stability and poor functional outcomes compared to controls. In conclusion, patients with antegrade trochanteric IMN have good balance but poor functional performance; however, further studies are needed to find out the primary reason for these results.

The present study aims to determine the effect and frequency of the pain catastrophizing in shoulder lesions and to examine the association between pain catastrophizing and to assess the pre-operative and postoperative functional outcomes. Methods: A total of 114 patients who underwent shoulder arthroscopy were included study. Pain catastrophizing scale, Tampa kinesiophobia scale, visual analog scale, and University of California at Los Angeles shoulder scale were used for evaluating patients' pre-and post-operative pain and functional situation. Results: Pain catastrophizing was detected 42 of 114 patients (37%). Kinesiophobia was higher in patients who catastrophized shoulder pain (p<0.0001). If participant had a labrum (p=0.038), supraspinatus (p=0.043), or biceps pathology (p=0.032), catastrophization was determined more often. There was catastrophization in 50% of patients with post-operative University of California at Los Angeles score which was evaluated as fair/poor (p=0.039). Conclusion: Pre-and post-operative results of the current study strengthened the data about importance of catastrophization. Catastrophization (+) patient group had lower functional capacity outcomes than that of the catastrophization (−) patient group. Decreased levels of pain catastrophizing and kinesiophobia in surgically and conservatively treated patients will result in more satisfactory clinical outcomes.

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first began in China and led to a global novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in 2020. [1] As the spread of the pandemic has continued, more than a million deaths were reported due to COVID-19 infection worldwide. [2] Due to the rapid spread of the virus, healthcare systems were exposed to a large number of COVID-19 infection patients which created a potential collapse risk of healthcare systems. [3] Healthcare authorities and governments around the world have made several attempts to overcome the rapid spread of the virus such as lockdowns, school closures, cessation of international transportation. [3] A curfew was announced in Turkey on March 21 st , 2020, for the citizens over the age of 65 years and who had chronic diseases and individuals aged below 20 years. In addition, many businesses Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the indirect impact of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on diabetes-related lower extremity amputations. Patients and methods: Patients who underwent lower limb amputation due to complications of diabetes between August 2019 and February 2020 (control group) and August 2020 and February 2021 (pandemic group) were retrospectively reviewed. None of the patients had a previous COVID-19 infection. Patients' amputation level and latest diabetes follow-up date until amputation were recorded.Results: A total of 19 feet of 19 patients (14 males, 5 females; mean age: 70.0±10.5 years; range, 53 to 91 years) in the control group and 18 feet of 18 patients (12 males, 6 females; mean age: 70.4±11.3 years; range, 54 to 91 years) were included. There was no statistically significant difference in amputation levels between the two groups (p=0.959). The mean time elapsed from the last diabetes control in the control and the pandemic group was 5.9±12.8 months and 8.2±9.8 months, respectively (p=0.038). A total of eight (42.1%) patients in the control group and seven (38.9%) patients in the pandemic group did not have a follow-up for diabetes in the last year prior to amputation (p=0.842). Conclusion:Although the COVID-19 pandemic seems to cause a delay in the routine medical care of patients with diabetes, it appears not to have an indirect effect on the lower extremity amputation level and incidence. Patients' adherence may be the major determinant in amputation surgery.

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Background: Ankle sprains occur frequently in both athletes and the general population. The social and economic consequences can be significant. In an effort to understand the injury, dynamic and static structures around the ankle have been investigated in detail, but anatomical factors predisposing to lateral ankle instability have not been fully clarified. The aim of this study was to radiologically investigate the relationship between bony variations of the distal tibiofibular joint and arthroscopically proven ankle instability. Methods: Fifty patients with arthroscopically proven ankle instability and 50 patients without instability were included in this study. Measurements were obtained from a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) section 1 cm proximal to the tibiotalar joint; distal tibiofibular joint anterior facet length ( a), posterior facet length ( b), angle between the anterior and posterior facets ( c), fibular notch depth ( d), tibia thickness ( e), and fibula thickness ( f) was measured. Results: It was found that instability was more frequent when the length of a ( P < .001) and e ( P < .001) were shorter. In addition, when value of a/ b and e/f were evaluated, it was observed that the number of individuals who had instability increased as the ratio became smaller ( P < .016-.020, respectively). Pearson correlation analysis indicated strong negative correlation between the values of a- e and instability ( r = −0.348, P < .001, and r = −0.328, P = .001; respectively). Conclusion: Lateral ankle sprains are common, and a clear understanding of the relevant structures and clinical function of the ankle complex should extend beyond the talocrural joint. This study demonstrated that the presence of narrow anterior facet ( a) and thinner tibia ( e) were strongly correlated with lateral ankle instability. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective case control study.