Oxidative stress is a critical factor in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease pathogenesis. MicroRNA-200a (miR-200a) is reported to target Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), which regulates nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) anti-oxidant pathway. Polydatin (3,4′,5-trihydroxy-stilbene-3-β-D-glucoside), a polyphenol found in the rhizome of Polygonum cuspidatum, have anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperlipidemic effects. However, whether miR-200a controls Keap1/Nrf2 pathway in fructose-induced liver inflammation and lipid deposition and the blockade of polydatin are still not clear. Here, we detected miR-200a down-regulation, Keap1 up-regulation, Nrf2 antioxidant pathway inactivation, ROS-driven thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) over-expression, NOD-like receptor (NLR) family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and dysregulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α (PPAR-α), carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 (CPT-1), sterol regulatory element binging protein 1 (SREBP-1) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1) in rat livers, BRL-3A and HepG2 cells under high fructose induction. Furthermore, the data from the treatment or transfection of miR-200a minic, Keap1 and TXNIP siRNA, Nrf2 activator and ROS inhibitor demonstrated that fructose-induced miR-200a low-expression increased Keap1 to block Nrf2 antioxidant pathway, and then enhanced ROS-driven TXNIP to activate NLRP3 inflammasome and disturb lipid metabolism-related proteins, causing inflammation and lipid deposition in BRL-3A cells. We also found that polydatin up-regulated miR-200a to inhibit Keap1 and activate Nrf2 antioxidant pathway, resulting in attenuation of these disturbances in these animal and cell models. These findings provide a novel pathological mechanism of fructose-induced redox status imbalance and suggest that the enhancement of miR-200a to control Keap1/Nrf2 pathway by polydatin is a therapeutic strategy for fructose-associated liver inflammation and lipid deposition.

Power supply represents a critical challenge in the development of body-integrated electronic technologies. Although recent research establishes an impressive variety of options in energy storage (batteries and supercapacitors) and generation (triboelectric, piezoelectric, thermoelectric, and photovoltaic devices), the modest electrical performance and/or the absence of soft, biocompatible mechanical properties limit their practical use. The results presented here form the basis of soft, skin-compatible means for efficient photovoltaic generation and high-capacity storage of electrical power using dual-junction, compound semiconductor solar cells and chip-scale, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, respectively. Miniaturized components, deformable interconnects, optimized array layouts, and dual-composition elastomer substrates, superstrates, and encapsulation layers represent key features. Systematic studies of the materials and mechanics identify optimized designs, including unusual configurations that exploit a folded, multilayer construct to improve the functional density without adversely affecting the soft, stretchable characteristics. System-level examples exploit such technologies in fully wireless sensors for precision skin thermography, with capabilities in continuous data logging and local processing, validated through demonstrations on volunteer subjects in various realistic scenarios.solid-state lithium-ion battery | multijunction solar cell | stretchable electronics | energy management | wearable technology R ecent ideas in materials science and mechanical engineering establish strategies for integrating functionality enabled by hard forms of electronics with compliant interconnects and soft packages to yield hybrid systems that offer low-modulus, elastic responses to large strain deformations (1-4). Such stretchable characteristics are qualitatively different from those afforded by simple mechanical bendability; the consequences are important because such properties allow for intimate, long-lived interfaces with the human body, such as the skin (5, 6), heart (7), and the brain (8), and for development of unusual device designs that derive inspiration from biology (9, 10). Many impressive examples of the utility of these concepts have emerged over the last several years, particularly in the area of biomedical devices, where work in skin-mounted technologies is now moving from laboratory demonstrations to devices with proven utility in human clinical studies (11, 12) and even to recently launched commercial products (13). Although schemes in high-frequency or ultrahigh-frequency wireless power transfer satisfy requirements in many important contexts (14, 15), opportunities remain for approaches in local generation and/or storage of power in ways that retain overall stretchable characteristics at the system level. Reported approaches to the former involve harvesting based on piezoelectric (16, 17), triboelectric (18), and thermoelectric (19) effects; the latter includes batteries (20-22) and supercapa...

Stretchable electronics represents a relatively recent class of technology [1,2] of interest partly due to its potential for applications in sensory robotic skins, [3,4] conformal photovoltaic modules, [5,6] wearable communication devices, [7,8] skin-mounted monitors of physiological health, [9][10][11] advanced, soft surgical and clinical diagnostic tools, [11,12] and bioinspired digital cameras. [13,14] A key challenge in each of these systems is in the development of strategies in mechanics that simultaneously allow large levels of elastic stretchability and high areal coverages of active devices built with materials that are themselves not stretchable (e.g., conventional metals) and are, in some cases, highly brittle (e.g., inorganic semiconductors). For design approaches that embed stretchability in interconnect structures that join rigid device islands, the system level stretchability ε system is much smaller than the interconnect stretchability ε interconnect . Zhang et al. [15] identified the following relationship between the interconnect and system stretchability:, where f dev = (area of active device components)/(total area of the system) is the areal coverage ratio of active device components. Structure designs for stretchable interconnects have evolved from straight [13,16] to curvilinear interconnects, [17] from those bonded to or embedded in the supporting substrate [11,18] to free-standing designs housed in microfluidic enclosures, [19] and from simple structures [17] to fractal/self-similar designs. [15,[20][21][22] All such cases, including a broad variety of shapes, sizes, and geometric arrangements, share the same underlying mechanisms, i.e., out-of-plane buckling of thin structures (metals, insulators, or semiconductors with thickness typically between ≈100 nm and ≈1 µm) provides the basis for elastic stretchability. The most advanced interconnects achieve elastic (reversible)

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The major goal of this study was to explore students' viewpoint toward the use of quick response codes in the pharmacology course in Taiwan. A total of 102 students were invited and agreed to take part in this project. The results indicated that a majority of students considered quick response codes easy to use and helpful with learning in a pharmacology course.

These findings suggest that morin protects against fructose-induced kidney insulin signaling impairment by upregulating miR-330 to reduce inflammatory response. Morin may be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of kidney injury associated with fructose-induced inflammation and insulin signaling impairment.