Abstrak : Kompleksitas perawatan pasien kanker menyebabkan tingginya tingkat ketergantungan pasien kepada caregiver baik ketergantungan fisik maupun psikologis, yang berdampak terhadap timbulnya caregiver burden. Tujuan penelitian membuktikan adanya pengaruh caregiving pada pasien kanker terhadap tingkat caregiver burden. Desain yang digunakan cross sectional. Populasinya adalah caregiver pasien kanker di wilayah kerja puskesmas Kedungdoro dan Pacarkeling Surabaya yang jumlah 60 orang, yang diambil dengan teknik total sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu kuesioner caregiving dan caregiver burden scale yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Uji statistik dengan regresi ordinal didapatkan p = 0.000, dengan nilai R = 0.699 yang berarti ada pengaruh caregiving terhadap terhadap tingkat caregiver burden dengan besarnya pengaruh adalah 69.9%. Semakin kompleks keluhan pasien kanker, menyebabkan semakin lamanya durasi perawatan yang diberikan caregiver kepada pasien, hal ini berdampak terhadap ketidaseimbangan waktu kerja pribadi dengan waktu luang yang dimiliki caregiver untuk berelaksasi, hal ini menjadi stresor yang memicu stres, dan dalam jangka waktu yang lama dapat menyebabkan caregiver burden.Kata Kunci : Caregiving, caregiver burden, kankerAbstract : The complexity caring of cancer patients causes the high levels of patient dependences physic and psychology on caregivers, it impact on the the caregiver burden. The purpose was determine the effect of caregiving in cancer patients on the caregiver burden level. The design used cross sectional. The population were caregivers of cancer patients in the working area of Kedungdoro Health Center Surabaya and Pacarkeling Health Center Surabaya amounted 60 people, the total sampling method is taken. The instruments used were caregiving and caregiver burden scale questionnaires that have been tested for validity and reliability. Statistical test with ordinal regression p = 0.000, R = 0.699, it means that there was effect of caregiving in cancer patients on the caregiver burden level with the influence was 69.9%. The more complex complaints of cancer patients cause the longer caring duration provided by the caregiver to the patient, it impact on the imbalance of personal work time and free time of caregiver to relax, it becomes a stressor that triggers stress, and in the long term can cause the caregiver burden.Kata Kunci : Caregiving, caregiver burden, kanker

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi minuman daun beluntas teh hitam sebagai antioksidan pada berbagai proporsi. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok satu faktor, yaitu proporsi daun beluntas teh hitam meliputi 100:0; 75:25; 50:50; 25:75; dan 0:100% (b/b). Tiap faktor diulang sebanyak 5 kali. Parameter yang diamati pada penelitian ini meliputi kandungan metabolit sekunder, total fenolik (TPC), total flavonoid (TFC), kemampuan menangkal radikal bebas DPPH, dan kemampuan mereduksi ion besi. Data dianalisis secara statistik dengan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) pada α = 5%, jika terdapat beda signifikan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Data dinyatakan dengan rata-rata ± standar deviasi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa metabolit sekunder yang terkandung dalam minuman daun beluntas teh hitam pada berbagai proporsi adalah alkaloid, flavonoid, fenolik, saponin, tannin, dan kardiak glikosida. Peningkatan proporsi teh hitam menambah intensitas senyawa alkaloid, fenolik, flavonoid, saponin, dan kardiak glikosida yang terdeteksi, tetapi kandungan senyawa tannin berkurang. Kandungan metabolit sekunder ini berkorelasi dengan total fenolik (TPC) dan total flavonoid (TFC). Peningkatan proporsi teh hitam dalam minuman menurunkan kemampuan menangkal radikal bebas DPPH dan kemampuan mereduksi ion besi, kecuali pada proporsi teh hitam 100%. Kandungan senyawa tannin dalam minuman menentukan aktivitas antioksidan. Berdasarkan koefisien korelasi antara TPC atau TFC dan kemampuan menangkal radikal bebas DPPH atau kemampuan mereduksi ion besi, hasil menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan menangkal radikal bebas DPPH dominan dikontribusi oleh TPC dan kemampuan mereduksi ion besi ditentukan oleh TPC dan TFC. Kata kunci: Antioksidan; teh hitam beluntas; daun beluntas ABSTRACTThe research was conducted to explore the potency of pluchea leaves-black tea drink as antioxidant at various proportions. The research used a single factor randomized block design of pluchea leaves and black tea proportions, including 100:0; 75:25; 50:50; 25:75; and 0:100% (w/w). Each of it was repeated five times. The parameters observed in this study were secondary metabolites, total phenolic, total flavonoids, free radical DPPH scavenging activity, and iron reducing power. The data were statistically analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at α = 5%, if the analysis showed a significant effect then it was continued with Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Data was stated as mean ± standard deviation. The results showed that the secondary metabolites containing in drink from pluchea leaves and black tea at various proportions were alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, tannins, and cardiac glycosides. The increasing of black tea proportion in samples added the intensity of alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, saponins, and cardiac glycosides compounds detected, but the tannins were decreased. These secondary metabolites were correlated with total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). The increasing ...

Objective: This study was done to determine the effect of pluchea leaves and green tea mixtures at various proportions to antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. Methods:The research used a single factor randomized block design. Research factors were pluchea and green tea mixture proportions, including 100:0; 75:25; 50:50; 25:75; and 0:100% (w/w), respectively. Each of factors was repeated five times. The parameters observed in this study were phytochemical compounds, total phenols, total flavonoids, free radical DPPH scavenging activity, iron ion reducing power, alpha amylase and alpha glycosidase inhibition activities. The data were statistically α = 5%, if the data analysis showed a significant analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at effect then it was continued with duncan's multiple range test (DMRT). Results:The phytochemical compounds containing in pluchea leaves and green tea mixtures were alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, tannins, triterpenoids, sterols, and cardiac glycosides. The qualitative assay of phytochemical compounds from aqueous extract had a different pattern with total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), especially at 75:25; 50:50 and 25:75 % (w/w) from pluchea leaves and green tea mixture proportions. The 50:50% (w/w) proportions of samples had the highest TPC and TFC, it was proposed that there was an interaction between bioactive compounds of pluchea leaves and green tea. TPC and TFC were correlated with free radical DPPH scavenging activity, iron reducing power and alpha glycosidase inhibition activity, but the alpha amylase inhibition activity had the different graph pattern with the TPC and TFC. Conclusion:The antioxidant capacity of pluchea leaves and green tea mixtures at various proportions had the graph pattern similar to the alpha glycosidase inhibitory activity and different with the alpha amylase inhibitory activity.

Chemotherapy/radiation in cancer patients causes cancer-related fatigue (CRF). It affects the level of independence of patients’ activity of daily living (ADL). Thus, the responsibility of caregivers will be higher and it impacts on caregiver stress level. The aim of this study was to prove the effects of CRF on independence level of cancer patients and caregivers’ stress level. This study used analytical associative design. The population was cancer patients and caregivers in Yayasan Kanker Indonesia in East Java. The number of samples were 30 cancer patients and 30 caregivers, taken by total sampling method. The assessment was based on instrument brief fatigue questionnaire, activity of daily living based on Katz, and caregiver stress on self assessment questionnaire. The effects of CRF on the level of independence were indicated by p=0.000, and the levels of independence of the caregiver stress level were indicated by p=0.000.  As a conclusion, the failure of muscle function due to CRF can affect the independence of patient’s ADL fulfilling, so caregiver should take much time to treat patient and it affects on the increased stress level of caregiver.

A mother's success of lactation depends on her self-management. This study aimed to reveal the contribution of self-awareness (introspection and observation) and self-determination (competency and autonomy) as self-management factors to a lactating mother's well-being (self-actualization and positive mood). The subjects of this study were 100 mothers who had been breastfeeding for at least six weeks. A structured model was designed with self-awareness as an independent variable to dependent variable of well-being, and as an antecedent variable to self-determination affecting the dependent variable of well-being. Likert scale instruments were used. The data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling program. The models fitting the requirements showed that self-awareness had direct and indirect effects through self-determination on well-being, with a total effect of 0.924. It could be concluded that the success of lactation achieved through the self-management has a strong influence on well-being. Keywords: lactation management, self-awareness, self-determination, well-beingAbstrak: Keberhasilan ibu menyusui tergantung kepada manajemen dirinya. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui peran sadar diri (introspeksi dan observasi) dan determinasi diri (kompetensi dan otonomi) sebagai faktor-faktor manajemen diri, dengan kesejahteraan ibu menyusui (aktualisasi potensi dan suasana hati positif). Partisipan penelitian adalah 100 ibu yang menyusui lebih dari enam minggu. Suatu model struktur didesain, dengan variabel sadar diri sebagai variabel independen terhadap variabel dependen kesejahteraan, dan sebagai variabel anteseden untuk variabel determinasi diri yang mempengaruhi variabel dependen kesejahteraan. Data dari kuesioner (skala Likert) dianalisis dengan program Structural Equation Modelling. Model yang memenuhi syarat kesesuaian menunjukkan bahwa sadar diri mempunyai direct effect dan indirect effect melalui determinasi diri terhadap kesejahteraan, dengan total effect sebesar 0,924. Disimpulkan bahwa keberhasilan dalam menyusui yang dicapai melalui faktor-faktor manajemen diri tersebut, berpengaruh kuat pada kesejahteraan.

Background: Cancer is a serious stressor that induces spiritual distress, loss of optimism, and dissatisfaction with subjective well-being. This study aims to determine that spiritual well-being (SWB) and optimism as factors that contribute to influencing the subjective well-being of cancer patients. Methods: This study had a cross-sectional design. A total of 88 cancer patients from public health centers in Surabaya and the Indonesian Cancer Foundation of East Java were selected to be sampled by consecutive sampling in 4 months. The Instruments used were valid and reliable throughout the test, comprising of the spiritual well-being scale, the 9-item version of the personal optimism scale, self-efficacy optimism scale, and satisfaction with life scale. The ethical feasibility was declared ethical. Data were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Test and Linear Regression Test with p < 0.05. Results: The demographic data show that the mean age of 52.5 years, female gender (84%), being married (78.4%), having cervical cancer (52.3%), having stage-III cancer (55.7%), having cancer therapy (surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy) (37.5%), and patients newly diagnosed from 6 months to 1 year (33%). The mean score of SWB was 99.67 (high SWB), optimism 20.03 (high optimism), and subjective well-being 24.18 (good subjective well-being). Pearson Product Moment Correlation Test between SWB and optimism showed p < 0.001, indicating that SWB had a significant relationship with optimism; patients with high SWB will have high optimism. From the Linear Regression Test, there was a significant effect of SWB on subjective well-being (r2 = 0.982 and p < 0.001) and optimism on subjective well-being as well (r2 = 0.988 and p < 0.001), meaning that patients with high SWB and high optimism tended to have good subjective well-being.  Conclusions: Cancer patients who have high scores of SWB become more optimistic, which has a positive effect on the high score of subjective well-being as well.

Breast cancer becomes a frightening disease for women, it is not only physically painful but also causes psychological disorders. This study aimed to explore the psychological condition of breast cancer survivors after mastectomy and chemotherapy. This was a qualitative study with thematic analysis methods. Samples were 20 breast cancer survivors taken by purposive sampling technique based on inclusion criteria from three community health centers in Surabaya Indonesia. Ethical requirements are completed before data collection. Data collection using an in-depth interview technique and recorded by a voice recorder. Content analysis is used to process the data. This study found 2 main themes hopelessness and negative psychological well-being. On the first main theme, there was 4 sub-theme consist of worthlessness, purposeless in life, pessimistic, unhappy. While on the second main theme there were 6 sub-theme consist of worried, negative thought, irritable, negative relationship with others, denial, felt guilty. Breast cancer survivors after mastectomy and chemotherapy experience a variety of sufferings on the psychological condition and could not be able to see other good things in their life.

Background: The stigma of cancer as a deadly disease greatly affects the patient’s perspective in shaping self-concept, which impacts on hopes and influences the stability of psychological well-being. The purpose of this study was to prove that the self-concept influences the hopes and psychological well-being of cancer survivors. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Samples were 90 cancer survivors from three public health centers in Surabaya, Indonesia taken by simple random sampling. All participants completed the instruments of the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale, Herth Hope Index, and Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale. All the instruments were valid and reliable based on the test. Ethical feasibility has been conducted. The Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Test was applied to analyze the data with P < .05. Results: The demographic characteristics of cancer survivors include the age majority of 46-65 years (53%), female sex (80%), married (61%), having stage-III cancer (44%), diagnosed of cancer for 1–6 years (56%), having support system from nuclear families (73%), and actively involved in the community (66%). The mean score of self-concept is 78.2, hope 38.2, and psychological well- being 76.3. Self-concept had a significant effect on hope (r = .783, P = .000) and psychological well-being (r = .611, P = .000) Conclusions: Cancer survivors who had positive self-concepts are more likely to accept themselves, which triggers the formation of high hope for recovery and the achievement of positive psychological well-being.