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<p>In the paper microscopic structure and physicochemical characteristics of asphaltenes were investigated. Asphaltene was precipitated from natural bitumen of oil sand of Munaily-Mola deposit using organic solvent of petroleum ether. According to results of our work, we found that the largest yield of asphaltens was reached by using the petroleum ether in 40-fold amount in relation to the initial hitch of bitumen. Chemical composition of precipitated asphaltenes aggregates were studied on FT-Infra red spectrometer Spectrum-65 at 450-4000 cm^-1. At the Infrared spectrum, that the broad absorption band of asphaltenes at 3000-3600 cm-1 are characterizing the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aliphatic chains in the samples of asphaltens. Elemental composition of the samples of asphaltenes on the installation of X-ray fluorescent spectrometer "Focus-M2". Also found the presence of two crystalline phases. One - quartz content is less than one percent. Another phase is also present in very small quantities and is represented by a single line of diffraction d = 4.158 Å. The microstructures and microanalysis of asphaltenes were investigated with an scanning electron microscopy (Quanta 3D 200i) at an accelerated voltage of 20 kV and a pressure of 0.003 Pa at National Nanotechnological Laboratory of Open Type of Kazakh National University. Microscopic images showed that the asphaltenes have a medium-ordered structure, the main component of the surface is<br /> represented by amorphous carbon.</p>

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Transformations of high-molecular-weight compounds of oil sand natural bitumen under the heat treatment were studied in this work. For that purpose the natural bitumen isolated from oil sand taken from the Beke field (Kazakhstan) was used as a substrate. Thermal processing of natural bitumen leads to a general change in the chemical composition of components and to an increase in the output of certain fractions. The contents of oil, tar and asphaltenes were determined and the elemental composition of tar-asphaltene compounds was evaluated. Molecular structures of the tar and asphaltene components of natural bitumen before and after cracking have been defined from the data of elemental analysis, NMR spectroscopy and molecular weight. The high molecular compounds were presented as giant molecules containing small aromatic islands some of which were linked by aliphatic chains, that was proved by infrared spectroscopy.

Sorbents were produced on the basis of rice husk, rubber crump and apricot stone by carbonization. They all possessed a high sorption capacity for oil and oil products. With the use of these sorbents an oil overflow was experimentally removed from the surface of the river Syrdarya (Kyzylorda). Results showed that the oil sorption capacities of carbonized rice husk, rubber crumb and apricot stone were 18, 14 and 7 g/g, respectively. The material obtained by carbonization of rice husk has very good buoyancy characteristics, high oil sorption capacity and high hydrophobicity. The effects of contact time, water temperature, amount and type of sorbents on the oil sorption capacity of the carbonized sorbents were further studied on the basis of microstructure and morphology using optical digital microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of the SEM and optical microscopy studies strongly indicate that carbonization is a suitable method for improving the porous structure of the sorbents particles compared to the virgin samples. This research provides the basis for the development of a new environmental material with optimal characteristics, providing efficient sorption of oil and oil products from an aqueous medium.

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