The free‐standing cobalt phosphides‐based composite nanofiber mats with different compositions (CoyP/C, CoxP/Co3(PO4)2/C, where 2>x>y>1) were synthesized by electrospinning with heat treatments and applied as multi‐functional interlayers for lithium‐sulfur batteries. The polysulfide confining ability of the interlayers was evaluated by a static polysulfide adsorption test and an electrochemical conversion test using symmetric cells. The CoxP/Co3(PO4)2/C exhibited better catalytic performance for converting polysulfides, owing to the combination of CoxP with Co3(PO4)2 and P‐doped carbon. As a result, the lithium‐sulfur cell with this interlayer delivered a high initial discharge capacity of 1483 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, retaining 705 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.5 C with 100 % Coulombic efficiency. The polysulfide trapping by the interlayer was further elucidated from the results of its ex situ characterizations after discharge and charge processes at different cycles in lithium‐sulfur cells.
Ni3Sn2 intermetallic alloy encapsulated in a carbon nanofiber matrix (Ni3Sn2@CNF) was obtained by electrospinning. The Ni3Sn2@CNF anode produced a high initial discharge capacity of ∼1300 mA h g−1, later retaining ∼350 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles.
Sorbents were produced on the basis of rice husk, rubber crump and apricot stone by carbonization. They all possessed a high sorption capacity for oil and oil products. With the use of these sorbents an oil overflow was experimentally removed from the surface of the river Syrdarya (Kyzylorda). Results showed that the oil sorption capacities of carbonized rice husk, rubber crumb and apricot stone were 18, 14 and 7 g/g, respectively. The material obtained by carbonization of rice husk has very good buoyancy characteristics, high oil sorption capacity and high hydrophobicity. The effects of contact time, water temperature, amount and type of sorbents on the oil sorption capacity of the carbonized sorbents were further studied on the basis of microstructure and morphology using optical digital microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of the SEM and optical microscopy studies strongly indicate that carbonization is a suitable method for improving the porous structure of the sorbents particles compared to the virgin samples. This research provides the basis for the development of a new environmental material with optimal characteristics, providing efficient sorption of oil and oil products from an aqueous medium.
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