Objective: To evaluate the knowledge of elementary school teachers about the management of dental trauma. Material and Methods: An observational study, with the cross-sectional design, was conducted among primary school teachers in Hail, Saudi Arabia during January 2017. The questionnaire distributed among 400 primary school teachers from 18 different schools using convenient sampling. Data were gathered and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: 378 (94.5%) respondents to the questionnaire. It was found that only 37.8% of the primary school teachers were able to distinguish between the primary and permanent teeth. Only 59.5% reported starting the management of a child with trauma immediately. Merely 38.4% believed that it is important to search for the missing tooth or the broken pieces, whereas 31% would re-implant the permanent tooth into the socket by themselves. Regarding the storage media, only 16.6% respond correctly. According to school teachers, the best way of learning the management of dental trauma at school is through videos (36.2%) and phone application (33.9%). Conclusion: School teachers lack knowledge regarding the management of dental trauma. We strongly recommend planning for dental trauma educational based on the teacher's perception after pilot testing its effectiveness.

Background The objective of this study was to use CBCT to look into the root canal morphology of maxillary premolars in a Saudi Arabian subpopulation and associate the results to existing canal morphology classifications. Methods The sample size for this analysis was 500 right and left untreated maxillary first and second premolars with fully formed roots from 250 Saudi residents (125 male and 125 female). The following observations were made using CBCT on the teeth related: (1) The number and morphology of roots; (2) The canal morphology for each root according to Vertucci's classification. The frequency and similarities between the right and left sides, as well as between females and males, were studied. The Chi-square test was used to assess the results. Results Of the 500 maxillary first premolars studied, 199 teeth had one root (39.8%), whilst 293 (58.6%) were two-rooted. Three-rooted maxillary first premolars were found in 8 (1.6%). For maxillary second premolars, 416 premolars had one root (83.2%), whilst 79 (15.8%) had two roots and the rest 5 (1.0%) were three roots. There were significant differences of number of root were found between groups (p > 0.05). For maxillary first premolar, Type IV was the most frequent, accounting for 57.8% of the sample (n = 289), followed by type II (32.8%, n = 164). For maxillary second premolar, Type I was mainly occurrence 302 (60.4%), followed by Type II (16.4%, n = 82). Conclusions The majority of maxillary first premolars had two roots and two root canals, while one root and one root canal was the most common anatomical configuration for maxillary second premolars. Additional canal forms do occur on occasion, and clinicians should pay close attention to them.

Objectives. The efficacy of root canal therapy is dependent on a thorough understanding of both normal and aberrant root canal morphology. As a result, the purpose of this study was to use CBCT to characterize the exact root and canal morphology of mandibular premolars in a Saudi subpopulation. Methods. The current study included 1000 mandibular premolars (507 first premolars and 493 second premolars) with completely developed roots. CBCT was performed to assess the shape of the roots and to classify the canal anatomy according to Vertucci’s classification. The incidence and similarity of the left and right sides, as well as men and women, were investigated. The data were examined using the chi-square test. Results. Of the 507 mandibular first premolars analyzed, 484 (95.5%) had one root, whereas 23 (4.5%) had two roots. Of the 493 mandibular second premolars analyzed, 489 (99.2%) had one root, whereas four teeth had two roots (0.8%). There were no statistically significant variations in the number of roots identified across groups ( p  > 0.05). The most prevalent in mandibular first premolars was type I, accounting for 70.0% (n = 355) of the studied sample, followed by type II (14.2%, n = 72) and type IV (10.1%, n = 51). For mandibular second premolar, type I had the highest incidence (449 (91.1%)), followed by type II (5.7%, n = 28). Conclusion. In a Saudi subpopulation, the majority of mandibular first and second premolar teeth had a single root with a type I canal system. On the other hand, numerous roots with various canal classifications were found.

Background The objective of the current study was to use CBCT to look into the root canal morphology of maxillary premolars in a Saudi Arabian subpopulation and associate the results to existing canal morphology classifications. The sample size for this analysis was 500 right and left untreated maxillary premolars with fully formed roots from 250 Saudi residents (125 male and 125 female). The following observations were made using CBCT on the teeth related: (1) The number and morphology of roots; (2) The canal morphology for each root according to Vertucci's classification. The frequency and similarities between the right and left sides, as well as between females and males, were studied. The Chi-square test was used to assess the results. Results Of the 500 maxillary first premolars investigated, 199 teeth had one root (39.8%), whilst 293 (58.6%) were two-rooted. Three-rooted maxillary first premolars were found in 8 (1.6%). For maxillary second premolars, 416 premolars had one root (83.2%), while 79 (15.8%) had two roots and the rest 5 (1.0%) were three roots. There were significant differences of number of root were found between groups (p > 0.05). For maxillary first premolar, Type IV was the most frequent, accounting for 57.8% of the sample (n = 289), followed by type II (32.8%, n = 164). For maxillary second premolar, Type I was mainly occurrence 302 (60.4%), followed by Type II (16.4%, n = 82). Conclusion The more common of maxillary first premolars had two roots and two root canals, while one root and one root canal was the majority anatomical configuration for maxillary second premolars. Additional canal forms do occur on occasion, and clinicians should pay close attention to them.

Aim:The study aimed to evaluate the level of knowledge and awareness of the general population of Hail regarding oral cancer and assess their ability to identify the risk factors that may lead to oral cancer. Materials and methods:An observational study having crosssectional design was carried out among Hail city population, Saudi Arabia. The study was conducted in November 2017. Data were gathered from 400 respondents, through survey questionnaire, with 95.5% response rate. Nonprobability, convenient sampling technique was used in this study. Saudi citizens above 15 years old were able to participate in this study.Results: Three hundred eighty-two (382) out of 400 (95.5%) responded to the questionnaire including 203 (53.1%) male and 179 (46.9%) female. One hundred eighty-two (182) (47.6%) of the participants were aware of the disease while the rest 200 (52.4%) of them were not. There was a significant difference between the age and the awareness of oral cancer (p <0.001) and between the level of education and the awareness of oral cancer (p <0.001). The respondents succeeded to identify smoking and alcohol as risk factors 328 (85.9%), 271 (70.9%), respectively. While only 47 (12.3%), 20 (5.2%), 139 (36.4%) participants said that old age, sunlight exposure, and diet are risks factors, respectively. Conclusion:The present study concluded that people lacked knowledge, and awareness regarding established risk factors of oral cancer. Health education related to primary prevention of oral cancer at the community and individual level needed to improve. Awareness of maintaining a healthy lifestyle which excludes the consumption of established risk factors of oral cancer was below par.Clinical significance: Improving oral cancer awareness of the population will lead to early detection of the lesion, and this eventually will help in primary prevention and better prognosis among those who have a lesion.