Assessment of root morphology and canal configuration of maxillary premolars in a Saudi subpopulation: a cone-beam computed tomographic study

Abstract

Background The objective of this study was to use CBCT to look into the root canal morphology of maxillary premolars in a Saudi Arabian subpopulation and associate the results to existing canal morphology classifications. Methods The sample size for this analysis was 500 right and left untreated maxillary first and second premolars with fully formed roots from 250 Saudi residents (125 male and 125 female). The following observations were made using CBCT on the teeth related: (1) The number and morphology of roots; (2) The canal morphology for each root according to Vertucci's classification. The frequency and similarities between the right and left sides, as well as between females and males, were studied. The Chi-square test was used to assess the results. Results Of the 500 maxillary first premolars studied, 199 teeth had one root (39.8%), whilst 293 (58.6%) were two-rooted. Three-rooted maxillary first premolars were found in 8 (1.6%). For maxillary second premolars, 416 premolars had one root (83.2%), whilst 79 (15.8%) had two roots and the rest 5 (1.0%) were three roots. There were significant differences of number of root were found between groups (p > 0.05). For maxillary first premolar, Type IV was the most frequent, accounting for 57.8% of the sample (n = 289), followed by type II (32.8%, n = 164). For maxillary second premolar, Type I was mainly occurrence 302 (60.4%), followed by Type II (16.4%, n = 82). Conclusions The majority of maxillary first premolars had two roots and two root canals, while one root and one root canal was the most common anatomical configuration for maxillary second premolars. Additional canal forms do occur on occasion, and clinicians should pay close attention to them.

Visual inspection of root patterns and radiographic estimation of its canal configurations by confirmation using sectioning method. An ex vivo study on maxillary first premolar teeth

“…A high percentage of root morphology was two roots, followed by one root and three roots. Similar results were found in previous studies conducted in Saudi Arabian subpopulations, Jordanian population, and Turkish populations, which also observed a higher prevalence of two roots followed by one root than three roots [19,28,[37][38][39][40]. Some studies showed results that were near to our findings regarding the prevalence of the number of roots with a slight variation in the percentage of the number of roots, like the studies that have been conducted in Saudi, North America, Andalusia, Singapore, Turkey, Poland, Ugandan, San Sebastian, southern India, and Australia population [5,17,21,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48]..On the contrary, studies in the Shandong Chinese population showed a higher prevalence of one-rooted than two-rooted maxillary first premolar [6,49].…”

Root Canal Configuration and Its Relationship with Endodontic Technical Errors and Periapical Status in Premolar Teeth of a Saudi Sub-Population: A Cross-Sectional Observational CBCT Study

“…These findings are consistent with other studies conducted in Saudi and Pakistani populations to evaluate the root canal anatomy of premolars. These previous studies also reported that most maxillary first premolars possess two roots, whereas the majority of maxillary second premolars and mandibular premolars have single roots [34,35]. A study comparing numbers of roots and root canal configurations between Asian and White ethnic groups reported contradictory results, indicating that in the Asian group 83.2% of maxillary first premolars exhibited a single root, while in the White group, the prevalence of single-rooted maxillary first premolars was 48.7% [36].…”

Evaluation of Root Canal Configuration of Maxillary and Mandibular First Molar by CBCT: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

“…The clinical efficiency of endodontic treatment procedures is dependent on a comprehensive knowledge of root structure and variance probability in root canal configuration, as undetected root canals lead to a treatment failure [ 30 ]. The present study demonstrated the root structure and root canal configuration of maxillary and mandibular first molars by using CBCT and its association with gender in the Saudi population.…”