Background The objective of this study was to use CBCT to look into the root canal morphology of maxillary premolars in a Saudi Arabian subpopulation and associate the results to existing canal morphology classifications. Methods The sample size for this analysis was 500 right and left untreated maxillary first and second premolars with fully formed roots from 250 Saudi residents (125 male and 125 female). The following observations were made using CBCT on the teeth related: (1) The number and morphology of roots; (2) The canal morphology for each root according to Vertucci's classification. The frequency and similarities between the right and left sides, as well as between females and males, were studied. The Chi-square test was used to assess the results. Results Of the 500 maxillary first premolars studied, 199 teeth had one root (39.8%), whilst 293 (58.6%) were two-rooted. Three-rooted maxillary first premolars were found in 8 (1.6%). For maxillary second premolars, 416 premolars had one root (83.2%), whilst 79 (15.8%) had two roots and the rest 5 (1.0%) were three roots. There were significant differences of number of root were found between groups (p > 0.05). For maxillary first premolar, Type IV was the most frequent, accounting for 57.8% of the sample (n = 289), followed by type II (32.8%, n = 164). For maxillary second premolar, Type I was mainly occurrence 302 (60.4%), followed by Type II (16.4%, n = 82). Conclusions The majority of maxillary first premolars had two roots and two root canals, while one root and one root canal was the most common anatomical configuration for maxillary second premolars. Additional canal forms do occur on occasion, and clinicians should pay close attention to them.

Objectives. The efficacy of root canal therapy is dependent on a thorough understanding of both normal and aberrant root canal morphology. As a result, the purpose of this study was to use CBCT to characterize the exact root and canal morphology of mandibular premolars in a Saudi subpopulation. Methods. The current study included 1000 mandibular premolars (507 first premolars and 493 second premolars) with completely developed roots. CBCT was performed to assess the shape of the roots and to classify the canal anatomy according to Vertucci’s classification. The incidence and similarity of the left and right sides, as well as men and women, were investigated. The data were examined using the chi-square test. Results. Of the 507 mandibular first premolars analyzed, 484 (95.5%) had one root, whereas 23 (4.5%) had two roots. Of the 493 mandibular second premolars analyzed, 489 (99.2%) had one root, whereas four teeth had two roots (0.8%). There were no statistically significant variations in the number of roots identified across groups ( p  > 0.05). The most prevalent in mandibular first premolars was type I, accounting for 70.0% (n = 355) of the studied sample, followed by type II (14.2%, n = 72) and type IV (10.1%, n = 51). For mandibular second premolar, type I had the highest incidence (449 (91.1%)), followed by type II (5.7%, n = 28). Conclusion. In a Saudi subpopulation, the majority of mandibular first and second premolar teeth had a single root with a type I canal system. On the other hand, numerous roots with various canal classifications were found.

Aim: Teeth maintain the functionality and esthetic of oral cavity, they are also important for psychological and social well-being. This study aims to assess awareness of patients toward replacement of missing teeth. People with unrestored or missing teeth tend to have poor self-esteem and oral health-related quality of life; hence, their knowledge toward restoring and replacing teeth is an important aspect to be measured. Materials and methods:It was an observational study having a cross-sectional design. Face-and content-validated questionnaire was used as study tool. Nonprobability, convenient sampling technique was employed that yielded information from 183 respondents residing in various areas of Hail city. Data were collected after written informed consent. The study was approved by the University of Hail ethical committee.Results: Two hundred questionnaires were distributed, out of which 183 were returned. Regarding knowledge of restoring missing teeth, 145 (79.2%) respondents know that function and esthetic can be maintained by replacing missing teeth. Information about the availability of various types of prosthesis was mostly obtained by them through their dentist (70; 48.3%), while books/magazines/Internet was the second source (38; 26.2%) and 37 (25.5%) heard it from someone who has already undergone the replacement of teeth. Conclusion:The present study indicated that a good number of respondents have the knowledge of teeth replacement, and dentists were the most common source of information to the patients in terms of education about different treatment options.Clinical significance: Evaluate and plan treatment options based on patients' expectations and perceptions.

Background The objective of the current study was to use CBCT to look into the root canal morphology of maxillary premolars in a Saudi Arabian subpopulation and associate the results to existing canal morphology classifications. The sample size for this analysis was 500 right and left untreated maxillary premolars with fully formed roots from 250 Saudi residents (125 male and 125 female). The following observations were made using CBCT on the teeth related: (1) The number and morphology of roots; (2) The canal morphology for each root according to Vertucci's classification. The frequency and similarities between the right and left sides, as well as between females and males, were studied. The Chi-square test was used to assess the results. Results Of the 500 maxillary first premolars investigated, 199 teeth had one root (39.8%), whilst 293 (58.6%) were two-rooted. Three-rooted maxillary first premolars were found in 8 (1.6%). For maxillary second premolars, 416 premolars had one root (83.2%), while 79 (15.8%) had two roots and the rest 5 (1.0%) were three roots. There were significant differences of number of root were found between groups (p > 0.05). For maxillary first premolar, Type IV was the most frequent, accounting for 57.8% of the sample (n = 289), followed by type II (32.8%, n = 164). For maxillary second premolar, Type I was mainly occurrence 302 (60.4%), followed by Type II (16.4%, n = 82). Conclusion The more common of maxillary first premolars had two roots and two root canals, while one root and one root canal was the majority anatomical configuration for maxillary second premolars. Additional canal forms do occur on occasion, and clinicians should pay close attention to them.

Aim: The study aims to identify the common causes of performing restoration of teeth in General Dental Practice (GDP). Analyze the common reasons for restoration failure, the material used in the management of restoration repair/replacement in Hail, Saudi Arabia. Objective: This study gave an insight into identifying the reasons for performing dental restorative procedures in general dental practices in Hail, Saudi Arabia. It helped to determine the trends and justification for carrying out therapeutic dental treatments, with a particular emphasis on the treatment modalities, techniques, and materials used for replacement/repair of faulty or failing restorations. Material and method: It was an observational study with a cross-sectional design conducted in Hail, Saudi Arabia. A self-administered face and content validated questionnaire was used as a study tool to analyze the reasons that the general dental practitioners chose to place restorations. This study was done in February 2018. A total of 200 questionnaires were distributed, out of which 191 (response rate: 95.5%) were returned from the clinics of the college of dentistry, private dental clinics and specialist dental center in Hail city, Saudi Arabia. Result: Considering the reason of performing the restorative procedure, replacement of restoration was the most common with a percentage of 95(49.7%) followed by placement of new restoration due to caries represent 78(40.9%) and finally tooth fracture with a total rate of 18 (9.4%). The primary reason for the replacement of restoration reported was restoration fracture 40(42.1%), followed by secondary caries 33(34.7%) and finally aesthetically not acceptable restorations 22(23.2%). Conclusion: The results indicate that, within the parameters of this study, replacement of restoration was the most common reason for the dental procedures. The alarming thing identified by this study was that nearly half of the dental procedures (40.9%) were replacement restoration. Restoration fracture followed by Secondary caries was identified to be the main reason for replacement/ repair of restoration, with practitioners in general practice. Studies of this type give an insight into the prevailing trends and developments in dentistry.