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Background: There is increasing evidence that high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) is involved in cancers in addition to cervical cancer. Infectious agents are thought to be responsible for approximately 16% of cancers worldwide, however there are mixed reports in the literature regarding the prevalence and potential pathogenicity of viruses in breast cancer. Methods:We screened 30 fresh frozen breast cancer tissue specimens collected immediately postoperative from patients in Ain-Shams University Hospital for the presence of human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA by PCR and Koilocytic changes in the breast cancer tissue. Results:Overall prevalence of HPV in malignant breast tissue was 16.7% In addition, we found that the oncogenic characteristics of HPV associated breast cancer are very similar to HPV-associated cervical cancer. Specifically, that putative koilocytes are present in some HPV associated breast cancers. Conclusion:The above observations indicate a likely causal role for high-risk HPV in human breast cancer and offer the possible role of HPV in breast cancer prognosis.

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Background: Pilonidal sinus (PNS) is a common disorder that mainly affects young adults. It can be asymptomatic or presented by discomfort, inflammation, abscess or sinus formation. Despite current advances in surgical techniques, the best option to treat PNS is not yet well defined. Many studies reported techniques that involved excision of the sinus and closure of the deep and superficial layers but leaving the skin open. Aim: We aim to compare between the excision and primary midline closure with suction drain versus the partial closure technique as treatment options for PNS in terms of recovery, wound complications and recurrence rate. Patients and Methods: A prospective comparative study at Ain Shams University Hospitals that included 80 patients with PNS was conducted from January 2018 to June 2019. They were divided randomly into group A; 40 patients that had the midline closed method with suction drain and group B; 40 patients that underwent the partial closure technique. Both groups were followed up for 1 year, detecting healing time, wound complications, return to usual activities and recurrence rate. Results: We detected significant differences between both groups as regards to pain and discomfort postoperatively, favoring the partial closure group. Mean time to wound healing was significantly shorter among group A (14.43 ± 3.13) though mean time of return to usual activities was faster among the partial closure group (14.45 ± 1.15). There were no statistically significant differences between both groups as regards to wound infection, dehiscence or hematoma formation. Wound seroma was more among group A. Conclusion:The partial midline closure technique showed comparable results to the closed method with suction drain in management of PNS disease. Indeed, it shows less postoperative complications and a faster return to usual daily activity. Yet, more studies are required to demonstrate its reproducibility.

Background The aim of study to identify the characterizations of Crohn's disease in Egyptian patients and to determine its predictors for postoperative recurrence. Methods We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study on 15 patients diagnosed as Crohn's disease with surgical interventions. Different characteristics of studied patients were analyzed to determine the risk factors for postoperative recurrence such as age at diagnosis, gender, smoking, main presenting symptom, Montreal classification, perianal disease, laboratory findings and protocol of management including surgical characteristics like age at operation, surgical indication, preoperative medication, surgical approach, and operative findings. Results Nine of the studied patients (60%) suffered from clinical postoperative recurrence with mean duration of 23.5 ± 40.6 months. In comparison the demographic, clinical, operative, and medical treatment data between patients with postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease and those without recurrence, age at diagnosis (mean age 42.9 years) and age at operation (mean 44.7 years) were found statistically significant in postoperative recurrence group (p-value = 0.001). According to Montreal classification of Crohn's disease, patients >40 years were significantly found in postoperative recurrence group, while patients between 17 and 40 years were significantly found in postoperative non-recurrence group (p-value=0.007) and ileal location of Crohn's disease was found significantly in postoperative recurrent group (p-value=0.044). Postoperative biological therapy significantly decreased the incidence of postoperative recurrence in the current study (p-value= 0.041). Conclusions Age at diagnosis, age at operation, ileal location of Crohn's disease can significantly predict postoperative recurrence. Also, postoperative biological therapy can significantly decrease the incidence of postoperative recurrence.

Human tumors including colorectal cancers (CRC) are often infiltrated by immune cells predominantly T lymphocytes especially regulatory T (Treg) cells expressing the forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3). It has been suggested that CD25+CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) might hamper effective immunosurveillance of emerging cancer cell. The aim of this study was to measure the frequency of total CD4+CD25+ Tregs & CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ subset of Treg cells in peripheral blood of Egyptian CRC patients and their correlation with the tumor stage, histopathology of the tumor and lymph node affection. A total of 31 CRC patients were enrolled in the study. The tumor was categorized using a TNM staging system. Peripheral blood samples were collected within the first 24 h of surgery. The frequency of total CD4+CD25+ Tregs & CD4+CD25+ Foxp3+ subset of Treg cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were measured by flow cytometry and absolute count was determined. High frequency of Tregs was detected in cancer patients with distal margin involvement (44-48 cells/μL) compared with those with free distal margin (5-32 cells/μL). Similarly, higher frequency of Tregs were detected (16-44 cells/μL) in cancers with lymph node involvement compared with cancers without lymph node involvement (5-32 cells/μL). Higher frequency of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs were found in mucinous adenocarcinomas than in other histopathological types, although both observations were statistically insignificant. The median value for total absolute lymphocyte count/ μL was 639, out of which CD4+CD25+ subset constituted 35 cells, and about half of this subset were Foxp3+Tregs. In conclusion, CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs may be a useful marker for predicting invasion, metastasis, and prognosis of colorectal cancer in Egyptian patients.