Radiant SC12% (Spinetoram) is a new generation of spinosyn group. Effect of this bio-insecticide against larvae of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd) was studied to evaluate the susceptibility of 2 nd and 4 th larval instars in laboratory. The LC 50 of radiant was 0.05 and 0.03 ppm. After 24 and 48 hours, respectively for the 2 nd larval instars. Where the LC 50 were 6.67 and 2.86 ppm after 24 and 48 hours, respectively for the 4 th larval instars. In the semi-field experiment, recommended doses of radiant exhibited high mortality 100 & 95.7 % after 0 and 1 days, respectively then decreased gradually to reach 58.1 % after 7 days. Also the field experiment showed high mortality 91.4% after 2 days then reduced gradually to reach 83.1% after 8 days. The effect of different concentrations in laboratory and recommended doses in field showed 100% mortality of entire hatched egg masses. Effect of recommended doses of radiant against predators inhabiting cotton field demonstrated that radiant was safe to natural enemies. The effect of LC 50 of radiant on the major biochemical component of 4 nd larval instars after 24 hours showed that, the amount of total carbohydrates, total proteins, carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes (invertase, trehalase and amylase), and acid & alkaline phosphates were significantly decreased. Where the acetylcholinstrase activity was significantly increased.

Water collections which may provide breeding habitats for mosquitoes in Qalyubiya Governorate were surveyed throughout the period from April 2009 to March 2011. Mosquito larvae were collected on monthly basis from 14 different breeding places in eight villages. A total of 1800 from 2821 sites (63.8%) were found positive for mosquitoes, including 312 canals, 271 pools, 191 unused wells, 166 rice fields, 142 irrigation channels, 130 ponds, 128 drainages, 115 catch basins, 85 irrigation basins, 82 ditches, 70 swamps, 66 temporary pools, 22 unused tires and 20 irrigation drainage tubes. Mosquito larvae were found in a variety of water collections including temporary, permanent, natural or man-made habitats. Permanent and semipermanent water collections were the main sites for mosquito breeding. Nine mosquito species were identified in the study area namely, Culex pipiens 64.7%, Culiseta longiareolata 13.5%, Cx. antennatus 8.8%, Aedes caspius 6.3%, Cx. vagans 2.5%, Cx. decens 1.9%, Cx. perexiguus 0.9%, Cx. univittatus 0.8% and Anopheles multicolor 0.6%. Simple and Multiple regression models showed that temperature, Ammonia and Nitrate were the best predictors for mosquito larval density (P = 0.0397), (P = 0.0241) and (P = 0.0040), respectively. The year-round presence of immature mosquitoes indicates that climatic conditions of the area are not limiting to the development of most prevailing mosquito species. Catch basins, unused wells and drainages are playing the major role in mosquito problem in Qalyubiya Governorate.

Larvicidal efficacy of a new semi-synthetic avermectin derivative Methylamine avermectin (Radical 0.5% EC) was determined against larval instars of the Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Biosd.) in the laboratory, field and semi field experiments. 2 nd and 4 th instar larvae showed greatest susceptibility to the Radical in the laboratory experiment. The LC 50s values of the 2 nd and 4 th larval instar after 48 hours were 0.005 and 0.008 ppm, respectively. Radical was tested with recommended dosage (200 ml / 100 liter water) in field; it caused 84.6% reduction of pest population up to day 8 post-treatment. On the other hand, the semi field application of the same recommended dose on the 2 nd instar larvae showed general mean 73.6% mortality, 7 days after post-treatment. Also, some biochemical changed in the 4 th instar larvae after 48 hours of treatment with tested bioinsecticide were measured. It's clear from the results that activities of trehalase, invertase and acetylcholine esterase were increased in all treatments. Tested bioinsecticide reduced the activity of alkaline phosphatase at all doses compared to untreated larvae. No significant changes in acid-phosphatase activities were observed at all treatment doses. On studying the effect of esterases isozymes patterns, there were no differences in number and position of esterases isozymes between untreated and treated larvae in the whole larval body tissues although each band different in its concentration. The toxicity of the formulation to some beneficial predators was also evaluated in the field. There was no detectable effect of these bioinsecticide on naturally occurring beneficial species.

Botanical insecticides are promising pest control agents. This research investigated the novel pesticidal efficacy of Araucaria heterophylla and Commiphora molmol extracts against four ectoparasites through treated envelopes. Seven days post-treatment (PT) with 25 mg/mL of C. molmol and A. heterophylla, complete mortality of the camel tick, Hyalomma dromedarii and cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus were reached. Against H. dromedarii, the median lethal concentrations (LC50s) of the methanol extracts were 1.13 and 1.04 mg/mL and those of the hexane extracts were 1.47 and 1.38 mg/mL, respectively. The LC50 values of methanol and hexane extracts against R. annulatus were 1.09 and 1.41 plus 1.55 and 1.08 mg/mL, respectively. Seven days PT with 12.5 mg/mL, extracts completely controlled Haematopinus eurysternus and Hippobosca maculata; LC50 of Ha. eurysternus were 0.56 and 0.62 mg/mL for methanol extracts and 0.55 and 1.00 mg/mL for hexane extracts, respectively, whereas those of Hi. maculata were 0.67 and 0.78 mg/mL for methanol extract and 0.68 and 0.32 mg/mL, respectively, for hexane extracts. C. molmol extracts contained sesquiterpene, fatty acid esters and phenols, whereas those of A. heterophylla possessed monoterpene, sesquiterpene, terpene alcohols, fatty acid, and phenols. Consequently, methanol extracts of C. molmol and A. heterophylla were recommended as ecofriendly pesticides.

The attractiveness of twenty seven materials (11 of fresh vegetables, 8 of plant seeds, and 8 of oily materials) to adult male and female of German cockroaches, Blattella germanica, was evaluated singly and as mixtures under field conditions. The comparison of attractiveness was done between materials in the same group and between the most attractive materials of each group. Results showed that fresh coriander leaves, dill leaves, and zucchini fruit were the most attractive materials of the green vegetables group to both sexes and a combination of coriander leaves and zucchini fruit increased the number of attracted male and female cockroaches. In case of plant seeds, roasted peanut was the most attractive to males and females, whereas peanut butter was the most attractive from oily materials. A mixture composed of equal amounts of roasted peanut, coriander oil, fresh coriander leaves, and zucchini fruit attracted more cockroaches than peanut butter. Addition of cockroach's feces to the mixture increased its attractiveness against cockroaches.