Objective: As their proportion rises in the aging population, cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis increasingly become significant health problems of the developed world, leading to reduced lifespan and substantial financial burdens, not the least because of complications and comorbidities associated with each disorder. This study investigates bone mineralization in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) complicated by Stage I chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods:The study group consisted of 41 patients of both sexes with CHF Stage I against the background of CHD that with no severe comorbidities that could have potentially caused changes in bone tissue. Bone mineral density was measured using dual-energy X-ray densitometry of lumbar region of spine and proximal right femur.Results: Structural and functional changes in the bone of the lumbar spine were found in 75.9% of the patients with Stage I CHF caused by CHD. Osteopenia was diagnosed in 64.4% of the patients, while osteosclerotic bone changes were less frequent and found in 11.5% of the patients. 75.8% of the patients had structural and functional changes in the proximal segment of the right femur bone. In men with Stage I CHF against the background of CHD osteopenia was more often diagnosed in the proximal segment of the right femur, while in women it was found in almost equal proportion in the spine and hip. Conclusions:In both sexes with I Stage CHF against the background of CHD were diagnosed changes in bone mineralization, with osteopenia being the prevailing diagnosis.
Thrombosis is a common complication in cancer patients. In all cancer patients, changes occur that lead to arterial and venous thrombosis. It is not known for certain what exactly provokes the appearance of blood clots and causes disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). A morpho-histological study of the muscles of the lower extremities was carried out in two groups of people who suffered from cancer and had deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities with subsequent migration of blood clots. In two groups of people who died due to the migration of blood clots from the veins of the lower extremities in the pulmonary artery, clear dystrophic changes in muscle fibers were found with narrowing of all arterioles and a strong expansion of the venous vessels. In all the venous vessels of the preparation, damage to the endothelium was found, which may indicate the presence of thrombosis of the venous vessels carrying blood from the muscles. People with cancer of the pancreas and/or colon have significant hemodynamic, hypertrophic, dystrophic, and atrophic changes in muscle fibers. There are signs of a systemic effect of the tumor on the vessels and hemodynamics in the lower extremities.
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a medical condition, occurs when a blood clot forms in a deep vein and pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a blood clot gets lodged in an artery in the lung, affecting blood flow to part of the lung.The frequencies of using computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to diagnose deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism is increasing day by day.Both the technics are noninvasive and provide prompt results. But there are a good number of alternative technics for the same purposes. That is why, till now scholars and respective professionals are interested to know more about the justification and comparative effectiveness of CT and MRI in detecting DVT and PE.This review aimed to analyze the history of several detecting methods for DVT and PE and to dig out the clear concepts about the effectiveness and patient compliances of CT and MRI in detecting deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. For proper analysis a lot of research as well as meta-analysis had been studied.From this article besides scholars and professionals, general readers will get a clear concept about the features, effectiveness and justifications of CT and MRI in treating DVT and PE.
Objective: As their proportion rises in the aging population, cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis increasingly become significant health problems of the developed world, leading to reduced lifespan and substantial financial burdens, not the least because of complications and comorbidities associated with each disorder. This study investigates bone mineralization in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) complicated by Stage I chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods:The study group consisted of 41 patients of both sexes with CHF Stage I against the background of CHD that with no severe comorbidities that could have potentially caused changes in bone tissue. Bone mineral density was measured using dual-energy X-ray densitometry of lumbar region of spine and proximal right femur.Results: Structural and functional changes in the bone of the lumbar spine were found in 75.9% of the patients with Stage I CHF caused by CHD. Osteopenia was diagnosed in 64.4% of the patients, while osteosclerotic bone changes were less frequent and found in 11.5% of the patients. 75.8% of the patients had structural and functional changes in the proximal segment of the right femur bone. In men with Stage I CHF against the background of CHD osteopenia was more often diagnosed in the proximal segment of the right femur, while in women it was found in almost equal proportion in the spine and hip. Conclusions:In both sexes with I Stage CHF against the background of CHD were diagnosed changes in bone mineralization, with osteopenia being the prevailing diagnosis.
Introduction: Under the conditions of experimental hypercholesterolemia, endothelial dysfunction develops with the morphological marker which is an increase in the number of blood-circulating desquamated endothelial cells (DEC), but this situation needs to be clarified in the development of this pathology in the age aspect. The aim: To find out the features of remodeling of endothelial cells and arteries of the hind limbs in the rats of pre-repopductive and reproductive age with experimental hypercholesterolemia. Materials and methods: The experimental group consisted of 16 animals with biochemically confirmed hypercholesterolemia, which were divided into 2 groups: group 1 – 8 animals, aged 2–3 months, weighing 150–170 grams and group 2 – 8 rats aged from 11 to 11 months weighing 230–250 gram. The control group consisted of rats of the same age of 8 animals in each. Results: Hypercholesterolemia causes damage to the vascular endothelium of the arteries, which is characterized by an increase in the number of desquamated endothelial cells in the peripheral blood. The most circulating blood in desquamated endothelial cells was detected in 45 days of study in animals of reproductive age, where the number of desquamated endothelial cells increased by 2.56 times, and in animals of pre-reproductive age – 2.35 times. Morphological changes were characterized by thickening of the intima of the arteries of the femur, knee and tibia due to swelling of the endothelial cells, their desquamation and proliferative changes in places of preserved vascular endothelium. In response to the deposition of lipids and PAS-positive substrates, cellular reactions appeared as weak lymphocytic infiltration. In addition to hyperlastosis, fragmentation of elastic fibers was revealed. Correlation of intima contributed to the narrowing of vascular lumen. Lipids, xanthoma cells and sour mucopolysaccharides were accumulated in the inner membrane of the arteries. In addition to lymphocytic infiltrates, the amount of collagen fibers in adventitia increased. Conclusions: Under conditions of hypercholesterolemia the number of desquamated endothelial cells in the blood increases, and arterial remodeling is characterized by manifestations of hypertrophic-neoplastic remodeling in rats of pre-reproductive age, and in reproductive animals there were sclerotic and inflammatory changes.
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