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Background In the past few decades, it has been demonstrated with animal models and clinical studies that a chronic inflammatory process significantly contributes to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Methods We systematically searched on PubMed and Web of Science for studies associated with peripheral inflammatory biomarkers in AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) before July 2018. Meta‐analysis was conducted to summarise results of studies relative to peripheral cytokines and chemokines in AD and MCI. Results Mean (± SD) concentrations of peripheral inflammatory biomarkers for AD, MCI and healthy controls were extracted from these studies. Our meta‐analysis revealed consistently elevated concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers such as C‐reactive protein, interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐2, IL‐6, IL‐12, IL‐18, monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (MCP‐1), MCP‐3, IL‐8 and interferon‐γ‐inducible protein 10 in AD patients, whereas no consistent results were obtained for elevated concentrations of cytokines or chemokines except MCP‐1 in MCI patients. Conclusions In conclusion, these results provided evidence to support that systematic inflammation might be a biomarker for AD diagnosis, whereas it might be a later event during AD disease progression.

[Abstract] A numerical simulation of the geodynamical process of the compression uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang plateau is addressed in this paper. The continental lithosphere of the East Asia is regarded as a continuum in a power law rheology. It lies on a relatively soft upper mantle and is limited in a trapezoid geological frame. The movement of the Indian Plate at the rate of 5cm/a is assumed to be the main driving force for the plateau's uplift. The results show that the predicted topography of the compression uplift can fit the observed pattern of this region. The results also indicate that the process of the compression uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang plateau is constrained by many factors such as the boundary conditions, the dynamical parameters of the continental lithosphere and the denudation rate as well. It is clear that the process of the plateau's uplift is not uniform in space and time.

Background and Purpose: Cerebral Venous Sinus Stenosis (CVSS) usually results in severe Intracranial Hypertension (IH), which can be corrected by stenting immediately. However, there is a lack of evidence of the long-term good outcomes in patients with CVSS who underwent stenting. Methods: A total of 62 patients with imaging confirmed non-thrombotic and non-external compression CVSS were enrolled into this single center real-world cohort study after undergoing stenting, and were continuously followed up for more than 12 years. The symptoms and signs of IH prior to stenting and post-stenting and the incidence of restenosis after stenting were analyzed. Results: The mean age of the 62 patients (range, 13 to 62) was 40 years old, and the mean body mass index was 26 (range 23 to 40). Females accounted for 67.7% (42/62). Headache was the most common symptom (79%). Transient visual obscurations occurred in 69% of the patients. 42% of the patients suffered from visual loss, 11.3% pulsatile tinnitus, and 96.8% Papilledema before stenting. The mean trans-stenotic pressure gradients were 6~43 mmHg prior to stenting and returned to 0~4 mmHg after stent placement. During the following 12~126 months (the median was 62) after stenting of the follow-up, 91.9% (57/62) of the patients obtained good outcomes. Headaches disappeared in 96% (47/49) of the patients and papilledema was attenuated in 98.3% (59/60). However, There were still 8.0 % (5/62) of the patients with poor outcomes, including optic disc atrophy in 3 patients and stent-interior thrombosis in 2 patients, which occurred 6.3 months after stenting. Conclusion: Our data suggest that stenting may be a promising therapy for CVSS correcting. Patients with CVSS may get long-term benefit from stenting, especially when they are accompanied with severe IH