Uniform
silver-containing metal nanostructures with strong and
stable surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signals hold great
promise for developing ultrasensitive probes for biodetection. Nevertheless,
the direct synthesis of such ready-to-use nanoprobes remains extremely
challenging. Herein we report a DNA-mediated gold–silver nanomushroom
with interior nanogaps directly synthesized and used for multiplex
and simultaneous SERS detection of various DNA and RNA targets. The
DNA involved in the nanostructures can act as not only gap DNA (mediated
DNA) but also probe DNA (hybridized DNA), and DNA’s involvement
enables the nanostructures to have the inherent ability to recognize
DNA and RNA targets. Importantly, we were the first to establish a
new method for the generation of multicolor SERS probes using two
different strategies. First Raman-labeled alkanethiol probe DNA was
assembled on gold nanoparticles, and second, thiol-containing Raman
reporters were coassembled with the probe DNA. The ready-to-use probes
also give great potential to develop ultrasensitive detection methods
for various biological molecules.
High value of GPS location information and easy availability of portable GPS signal spoofing devices incentivize attackers to launch GPS spoofing attacks against location-based applications. In this paper, we propose an attack model in road navigation scenario, and develop a complete framework to analyze, simulate and evaluate the spoofing attacks under practical constraints. To launch an attack, the framework first constructs a road network, and then searches for an attack route that smoothly diverts a victim without his awareness. In extensive data-driven simulations in College Point, New York City, we managed to navigate a victim to locations 1km away from his original destination.
We have developed a fast, highly sensitive and low-cost biosensing system for the detection of clenbuterol (CLB), using a homemade mobile electrochemical device with an electric field-driven acceleration strategy. This system consists of an embedded circuit in smartphone for signal processing and a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified with multi-walled carbon nanobubes (MWNTs) and goat anti mouse-immunoglobulin G (IgG) sensing layer (MWNTs-I-layer). CLB monoclonal antibody was assembled through its binding to the surface-confined antibody. Such modified electrodes were used for rapid and sensitive amperometric immunosensing detection of CLB. Horseradish peroxidase-coupled CLB (CLB-HRP) competed with free CLB in the samples to bind the monoclonal antibody. By using this mobile system, we could detect CLB ranging from 0.3 ng.mL-1 to 100 ng.mL-1 with the detection limit of 0.076 ng.mL-1. The whole competitive-type detection process was finished within 6 min. We expect this device can meet the requirements for field detection of various food security-related species. 1. introduction Electrochemical analysis provides a vast array of important quantitative methods for detecting analytes, and has been widely demonstrated in many vital fields, including clinical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, homeland security, and food
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