1.3 C). When discharge/charge is carried out at a high current density of 10.5 A g − 1 (70 C), the thin fi lm electrodes retain a good discharge capacity of 120 mA h g − 1 , and the specifi c power density is over 28 kW kg − 1 .

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Muconic acid is a valuable platform chemical with potential applications in the production of polymers such as nylon and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The conjugate base, muconate, has been previously biosynthesized in the bacterial host Escherichia coli. Likewise, previous significant pathway engineering lead to the first reported instance of rationally engineered production of muconic acid in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To further increase muconic acid production in this host, a combined adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) strategy and rational metabolic engineering is employed. To this end, a biosensor module that responds to the endogenous aromatic amino acid (AAA) as a surrogate for pathway flux is adapted. Following two rounds of ALE coupled with an anti-metabolite feeding strategy, the strains with improved AAA pathway flux is isolated. Next, it is demonstrated that this increased flux can be redirected into the composite muconic acid pathway with a threefold increase in the total titer of the composite pathway compared to our previously engineered strain. Finally, a truncation of the penta-functional ARO1 protein is complemented and overexpress an endogenous aromatic decarboxylase to establish a final strain capable of producing 0.5 g L muconic acid in shake flasks and 2.1 g L in a fed-batch bioreactor with a yield of 12.9 mg muconic acid/g glucose at the rate of 9.0 mg h . This value represents the highest titer of muconic acid reported to date in S. cerevisiae, in addition to the highest reported titer of a shikimate pathway derivative in this host.

This Letter introduces a relatively simple three-dimensional continuous autonomous chaotic system, which can display complex 2- and 4-scroll attractors in simulations. Its generation and basic dynamical behaviors are briefly described.

V2O5 xerogel films were fabricated by casting V2O5 sols onto fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrates and annealing at 300 °C for 3 h in different annealing atmospheres of air and nitrogen. Films prepared in different annealing conditions possess different grain sizes and crystallinity, while the vanadium ion oxidation state also varies, as identified by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. A nitrogen annealing atmosphere induces the presence of defects, such as V4+ ions, and associated oxygen vacancies. Thus, the presence of defects, whether on the film surface or in the bulk, can be controlled by using air and nitrogen annealing atmospheres in the proper order. Electrochemical impedance analyses reveal enhanced charge-transfer conductivity in films with more V4+ and oxygen vacancies on the film surface, that is, a film annealed, first, for 0.5 h in air and then for 2.5 h in nitrogen. Lithium-ion intercalation measurements show that, at a charge/discharge current density of 600 mA g−1, this film possesses a noticeably better lithium-ion storage capability than films without surface defects. This sample starts with an initial discharge capacity of 139 mA h g−1, and the capacity increases slowly to a maximum value of 156 mA h g−1 in the 15th cycle, followed by a mild capacity degradation in later cycles. After 50 cycles, the discharge capacity is still as high as 136 mA h g−1. A much improved lithium-ion intercalation capacity and cyclic stability are attributed to V4+ surface defects and associated oxygen vacancies introduced by N2 annealing.

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Traditional routing protocols are no longer suitable for the energy harvesting-wireless sensor networks (EH-WSN), which is powered by the energy harvested from environment instead of batteries. Rather than minimising the energy consumption and maximising the network lifetime, the main challenge in EH-WSN is to maximise its working performance under energy harvesting constraints. In this study, the authors propose a centralised power efficient routing algorithm energy harvesting genetic-based unequal clustering-optimal adaptive performance routing algorithm (EHGUC-OAPR) which contains two parts: (i) energy harvesting genetic-based unequal clustering algorithm EHGUC and (ii) optimal adaptive performance routing algorithm (OAPR). First, the base station (BS) uses EHGUC algorithm to form clusters of unequal size and select associated cluster heads, in which the clusters closer to the BS have smaller size. Then, the BS adopts OAPR algorithm to construct an optimal routing among each cluster heads. The numerical results show that EHGUC-OAPR is not only well applied to EH-WSN, but also has a great improvement in network energy balance and data delivery ratio.