Many systems provide the user with a limited viewport of a larger graphical workspace. In these systems, the user often needs to find and select targets that are in the workspace, but not visible in the current view. Standard methods for navigating to the off-screen targets include scrolling, panning, and zooming; however, these are laborious when users cannot see a target's direction or distance. Techniques such as halos can provide awareness of targets, but actually getting to the target is still slow with standard navigation.To improve off-screen target selection, we developed a new technique called hop, which combines halos with a teleportation mechanism that shows proxies of distant objects. Hop provides both awareness of off-screen targets and fast navigation to the target context. A study showed that users are significantly faster at selecting off-screen targets with hopping than with two-level zooming or graband-drag panning, and it is clear that hop will be faster than either halos or proxy-based techniques (like drag-and-pop or vacuum filtering) by themselves. Hop both improves on halo-based navigation and extends the value of proxies to small-screen environments.
Concentrations
of bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogues (together
with their chlorinated derivatives are referred to as BPs) were measured
in 181 breastmilk samples collected from 9 provinces in China in 2014.
Twelve BP types were found. The BP concentrations ranged from not
detected to 5.912 μg/L. BPA was the predominant BP, followed
by bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS). The mean BPA, BPF, and
BPS levels were 0.444, 0.107, and 0.027 μg/L, respectively.
Other BPs were sporadically detected in breastmilk samples. There
were no differences (p > 0.05) in BPA, BPF, BPS,
or total BP levels in the urban and rural regions or the northern
and southern regions. BPA accounted for approximately 70% of the BPs
and BPF accounted for more than 20% of the BPs in breast milk samples.
The high contribution of BPF indicated that BPA analogues, not only
BPA, should receive attention. The upper-bound daily intakes of BPs
for infants 0–6 months old were 0.044–1.291 μg/kg
bw/day. Despite the absence of tolerable daily intake data, attention
should be paid not only on BPA but also BPF.
Manipulating 3D objects on a tabletop is inherently problematic. Tabletops lack a third degree of freedom and thus require novel solutions to support even the simplest 3D manipulations. Our solution is TZee -a passive tangible widget that enables natural interactions with 3D objects by exploiting the lighting properties of diffuse illumination (DI) multitouch tabletops. TZee is assembled from stacked layers of acrylic glass to extend the tabletop's infrared light slightly above the surface without supplemental power. With TZee, users can intuitively scale, translate and rotate objects in all three dimensions, and also perform more sophisticated gestures, like "slicing" a volumetric object, that have not been possible with existing tabletop interaction schemes. TZee is built with affordable and accessible materials, and one tabletop surface can easily support multiple TZees. Moreover, since TZee is transparent, there are numerous possibilities to augment interactions with feedback, helpful hints, or other visual enhancements. We discuss several important design considerations and demonstrate the value of TZee with several applications.
-In order to meet the demand of high-speed digital data processing and achieve high-speed communication between digital front-ends and computer, we design and implement a transmission system based on FMC and PCI-Express protocol. This paper describes the basic hardware structure of the interface system, implements the high-speed data transmission via PCI-Express protocol on an FPGA and the highly modular design based-on FMC standard. The maximal speed of this transmission system is up to 34 Gbps. This system has a wide commonality as the communication interface module can be adjustable depending on different digital front-end.
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