Development of a simple and rapid LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of five Alternaria mycotoxins in human urine

Qiao, Xiaoting; Zhang, Jing; Yang, Yunjia; Yin, Jie; Li, Hong; Xing, Yang; Shao, Bing

doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122096

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Peak shapes and the overall responses for the 7 target mycotoxins in ammonium carbonate were notably improved. This result was consistent with previous studies that also used ammonium carbonate as an additive in the mobile phase for the analysis of ATs ( De Berardis et al, 2018 , Qiao et al, 2020 ). Given these findings, the final selection was a gradient elution using a mobile phase containing both MeOH and 0.15 mM ammonium carbonate in water.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Alternaria mycotoxins are broadly classified into dibenzopyrone derivatives, perylene derivatives, and tetramic acid derivatives. Of these, alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), tenuazonic acid (TeA), tentoxin (TEN), and altenuene (ALT) are considered the most important ATs ( Qiao et al, 2020 , Zhou et al, 2017 ). Past work has focused on using in vitro and in vivo assessments to better understand the toxicity, mutagenicity, and genotoxicity of these ATs ( Lehmann et al, 2006 , Ostry, 2008 , Schrader et al, 2001 , Somma et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of seven Alternaria toxins in edible and medicinal herbs using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

et al. 2022

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of seven Alternaria toxins in edible and medicinal herbs using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

et al. 2022

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“…While this sheds light on the potential high (low-dose) prevalence of some Alternaria toxins, it should be mentioned that most regulated mycotoxins (aflatoxins, trichothecenes, zearalenone) were not included in the study. A second Chinese study by Qiao et al (2020) reported TeA, AME and AOH to be the predominant Alternaria mycotoxins with detection rates of 85.9%, 96.3% and 51.9%, respectively in 135 volunteers from healthy donors in Beijing. This group was tested for five Alternaria toxins (TeA, AOH, AME, ALT, TEN) before and after enzymatic hydrolysis exclusively (Table 1).…”

Section: Human Biomonitoring Via Exposure Biomarker Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternaria toxins—Still emerging?

Aichinger

Favero

Warth

et al. 2021

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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Alternaria molds are known to cause the contamination of food with their secondary metabolites, a chemically very heterogeneous group of compounds. Yet, after decades of research on the occurrence and the toxicity of Alternaria toxins in academia, no regulation has been implemented yet, thus leaving these potential food contaminants in the status of so-called "emerging mycotoxins". However, research on this topic has been far from static, leading to the European Food Safety Authority repeatedly calling for more data on the occurrence and toxicity of genotoxic metabolites such as alternariol (AOH) and its monomethyl ether (AME). To give an overview on recent developments in the field, this comprehensive review summarizes published data and addresses current challenges arising from the chemical complexity of Alternaria's metabolome, mixture effects and the emergence of novel biological targets like cell membranes or the interaction with different receptors. Besides toxicodynamics, we review recent research on toxicokinetics, including the first in vivo studies which incorporated the rarely investigated-but highly genotoxic-perylene quinones. Furthermore, a particular focus lies on the advances of liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based analytical tools for determining a broader spectrum of Alternaria toxins including modified/masked forms and assessing exposure via human biomonitoring (HBM).

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“…Enzymatic cleavage and extraction of Alternaria mycotoxins in urine were performed according to the previous study [27] with minor modifications. Urine samples were thawed at room temperature for 30 min and vortexed for 2 min.…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Asam et al, [24] and Hövelmann et al, [25] reported the detection of TeA in German individuals, while AOH was identified in urine samples from Portugal [26]. In China, such biomonitoring data are scarce so far, except for a recent methodological study, in which, an ultrahigh-performance-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and preliminarily applied, indicating the presence of Alternaria mycotoxins in urine samples [27]. However, the dietary intakes and health risks related to the major Alternaria toxins are still in need of investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Human Exposure to Five Alternaria Mycotoxins in China by Biomonitoring Approach

Fan

Guo

Huang

et al. 2021

Toxins

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This biomonitoring study was conducted to investigate the concentration levels of five Alternaria mycotoxins in urine samples from 269 healthy volunteers living in the Yangtze River Delta, China. Alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), tenuazonic acid (TeA) and tentoxin (TEN) were detected in 38.3%, 48.7%, 63.9% and 23.4% of urine samples with the concentrations ranging from 0.057 to 45.8 ng/mL, 0.020 to 0.802 ng/mL, 0.050 to 80.6 ng/mL and 0.021 to 0.939 ng/mL, respectively. Altenuene (ALT) was not detected in any urine sample. Based on the urinary concentrations, the probable daily intake (PDI) values of Alternaria mycotoxins were calculated, and 100%, 99.2–100%, 0.372% and 1.12% of participants exceeded the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) values for AOH, AME, TeA and TEN, respectively. This study revealed high potential health risks related to the contaminations of major Alternaria mycotoxins in China and highlighted the necessity for more toxicological studies to provide better basis for further comprehensive risk assessments.

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Development of a simple and rapid LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of five Alternaria mycotoxins in human urine

Cited by 15 publications

References 14 publications

Detection of seven Alternaria toxins in edible and medicinal herbs using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Detection of seven Alternaria toxins in edible and medicinal herbs using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Alternaria toxins—Still emerging?

Assessment of Human Exposure to Five Alternaria Mycotoxins in China by Biomonitoring Approach

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