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The physical properties of nuts and kernels of three Turkish walnut varieties (Juglans regia L.) such as dimensions, weight of nuts and kernels, sphericity, bulk density, volume, and coefficient of friction were determined. The resistance of the nut and kernel of walnut varieties to damage was determined by measuring the average rupture force, deformation and rupture energy along the X-, Y- and Z-axes at different compression speeds (30 and 60 mm/min). Both the static and dynamic coefficient of friction values were greater for the sheet iron surface than the galvanized one for all walnut varieties. The highest nut rupture force, deformation and rupture energy among the three walnut varieties occurred for Kaman loaded on the Y-axis. The results indicated that when testing the effects of compression axes the rupture force is highly dependent on walnut varieties. The lowest force needed to rupture the nut or kernel was found in walnut varieties with Sebin that were tested at a compression speed of 60 mm/min.

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The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of pre-harvest methyl jasmonate treatments on peel color formation, total anthocyanin, total phenolics, total antioxidant capacity, and other selected fruit quality parameters of "Fuji" apples. Results revealed significant decreases in color parameters (L * , chroma, and hue values) with methyl jasmonate treatments. Total anthocyanin, total phenolics, and total antioxidant capacity of methyl jasmonate-treated fruits were significantly higher than control fruits. Methyl jasmonate concentrations increase linearly with increase in total anthocyanin, total phenolics, and total antioxidant capacity with high correlations. Ethylene synthesis-promoting impact of methyl jasmonate increased with increasing implementation doses. Methyl jasmonate treatments also increased fruit flesh firmness. While 1120 and 2240 mg/L methyl jasmonate treatments did not cause any significant changes in the starch degradation, 4480 mg/L methyl jasmonate treatment delayed the starch degradation. All methyl jasmonate treatments did not cause any or much significant changes in fruit mass, geometric mean diameter and soluble solids content of the fruits but yielded significant increase in titratable acidity values.

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