Background: Phlebotomy is among the most traumatic and uncomfortable procedures for children and their families in the emergency department. Buzzy and watching cartoons are effective and inexpensive non pharmacological pain management. Aim: To evaluate the effect of buzzy and watching cartoon on venipuncture pain among children undergoing phlebotomy. Research design: Quasi-experimental research design was used in current study. Sample: A purposive sample of 150 school-age children undergoing phlebotomy. Setting: Pediatric emergency units at Minia University Hospital for Obstetrics and Pediatrics Tools: Tool one: Structured interview form developed by researcher Tool two: Wong Faces Pain Rating Scale. Results: Mean scores of the Wong-BakerFacial Pain Rating Scale were significantly decreased in the buzzy group and the watching cartoons group than in the control group. Conclusion: It was concluded that buzzy and watching cartoons effectively diminish pain intensity at the venipuncture site among school children during Phlebotomy. The buzzy was more effective in reducing pain than watching cartoon. Recommendation: Pediatric health care units should integrate buzzy and watching cartoons to manage needle puncture pain in the routine care for children undergoing venipuncture procedures.
Background: Venipuncture is a devastating medical, emotional, and physical problem for pediatric patients and their families. Blood drawing is one of the most frightening and distressing nursing procedures for hospitalized children. Aim: To assess pain intensity among preschool children during venipuncture. Research design: A descriptive research design was used in the current study. Sample included 60 preschool-age children undergoing venipuncture procedures over six months. Setting of the study: -Pediatric medical unit at Minia University Hospital for Obstetrics and Pediatrics. Tools: Tool (I): structured interview questionnaire which developed by the researcher Tool (II): Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale Tool (III): Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS).Results: The highest percentage of the studied preschool-age children experienced severe pain during venipuncture procedure according Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale. The total mean scores of Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale and Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale were high markedly during venipuncture. There were statistically significant negative correlations between children's age and the total mean scores of the CHEOPS and Face Pain Rating Scale during venipuncture. Conclusion: it was concluded that preschool-age children complained from severe pain intensity during venipuncture procedure. Recommendation: An educational training program is mandatory for pediatric nurses about pain assessment and pain management strategy during venipuncture and other painful procedures.
Blood drawing is one of the most frightening and distressing nursing procedures for hospitalized children. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of cryotherapy at venipuncture site on pain intensity among children undergoing blood sampling. One group pre-posttest quasi-experimental research design was utilized in the current study. 60 preschool-age children participated in the study at pediatric medical unit in Minia University Hospital for Obstetrics and Pediatrics. The tools used in the study were Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale and Vital Signs Recording Sheet. The study resulted that total mean scores of Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale and Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale were decreased markedly after cryotherapy application on the venipuncture site with highly statistically significant differences. The study concluded that cryotherapy effectively diminishes pain intensity at the venipuncture site among preschool children during blood sampling. The study recommended that, Pediatric health care units should integrate cryotherapy to manage needle puncture pain in the routine care for children undergoing venipuncture procedures.
Background: Pneumonia is a leading cause of death among children under five years of age. Pneumonia deaths could be prevented if mothers recognized the dangerous signs and sought appropriate treatment promptly. Aim: The current study aimed to; explore mothers' knowledge regarding care of children having pneumonia under five years. Subject and Methods : Descriptive e xp loratory research design was utilized. The convenient sample for 125 mothers of children who under five years with pneumonia and not companied with congenital heart diseases admitted in pediatric medical units at Minia University Hospital for Obstetrics and Pediatrics . The required data was collected through structured interview questionnaire which developed by the research investigator to assess mother's knowledge regarding care of children with pneumonia. Results:Apparently,77 .6% of the mothers in the current study had satisfactory level of knowledge about pneumonia while, 22. 4% had unsatisfactory level. The majority (82.4%) of the mothers had satisfactory level of total knowledge regarding care of children having pneumonia. It was found that, the mothers' educational level had a significant positive correlation with mothers' total knowledge about pneumonia. Conclusion: It was concluded that the highest percentage of the mothers had satisfactory level of total knowledge regarding care of children having pneumonia. Urban and employed mothers had satisfactory level of knowledge rather than the younger, rural and housewife mothers. Recommendations: Pediatric nurses should educate mothers about dangerous signs of pneumonia, ways of prevention and the importance of early medical seeking of disease.
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