An attempt has been made to correlate groundwater quantity and quality concerning land use and land cover in the city, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India. The land-use land-cover (LULC) is one of the dynamic processes of the urbanization method in a city or cities in a developing country. To assess the land use and land cover classes, we have used the multi-temporal remote sensing LANDSAT data of the year 2000 and 2018. There are ten LULC classes are identified, such as settlement, road, cultivation, industry, drainage, river, open land, vegetation, canal, and water bodies. The result shows that the LULC changes are mainly associated within the settlement and the cultivated area in the highest degree from 2000 to till date (2018). A comparison of LULC between the years 2000 and 2018 indicates that anthropogenic activities like settlement, road, and industrial areas have been expanded. The spatiotemporal variation of the water table and water quality parameters such as electrical conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), and Nitrate (NO3) between the year 2000 and 2018 have also been studied. The result shows that significant changes in the groundwater quantity and quality in the study area are due to anthropogenic activity.
In the present study area, anthropogenic activities such as overexploitation of groundwater, improper disposal of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), rapid industrialization, urbanization, and chemical fertilizer use are led to groundwater resource to depletion and quality degradation. Due to the imbalance between demand and availability, management approaches groundwater quality and quantity adversely affected. To assess the effects of LULC change in groundwater quality, Nitrate was considered. Land use Land cover (LULC) map of 1999 and 2016 and groundwater quality data of 1999 and 2016 revealed that groundwater quality is highly affected in the settlement area due to anthropogenic activities. There is no earmarked site in the Raipur city for the dumping of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). Hence, to minimize the existing groundwater problem, there is a need to adopt proper remedial measures to improve groundwater quality and quantity.
The present study on Morphotectonics of the Tapti basin using remote sensing (RS) data and Geographic Information System (GIS) technique is an important input in deciphering the association between drainage morphometry and tectonics of the area. The basic structural elements like the established faults and other linear features of the study area were identified on the digitally processed remote sensing data and drainage pattern/morphometry was derived from the available Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, Digital Elevation Model (SRTM DEM) (90m) data. The various morphometric characters of the Tapti river basin were studied in detail. The drainage model of this area is a coarse sub-dendritic, trellis, and rectangular. The results of the preliminary morphometric analysis have been correlated with tectonic and seismotectonic characters exhibited by the study area. Overall, the morphometric and morphotectonic analysis revealed the area has periodically experienced tectonic and low order seismic instances.
Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data are used for geological analysis when other data are not accessible for morphology and structure identification. DEM data due to its quick availability and less expense is used for enhancing accuracy. Three-dimensional (3D) inputs are added to the twodimensional (2D) data for a better interpretation of topography, relief, and geology. The present paper explicates the potential of DEM for modeling of Mikir structural hills of Assam -a highly dissected and geologically important region generated from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) images.
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