<b><i>Background:</i></b> Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with potential systemic involvement. Some evidence suggests an increased risk of dry eye in patients with psoriasis. However, the relationship between these two conditions remains unclear. The aim of our study is to investigate the association between psoriasis and dry eye disease. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020199445) and adhered to MOOSE checklist and PRISMA guidance for all processes. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were searched for studies examining the association between psoriasis and dry eye disease from inception to December 13, 2020. The primary outcome was the prevalence of dry eye disease in patients with psoriasis relative to controls. The secondary outcomes were the Schirmer I test score, tear film breakup time (TBUT), and ocular surface disease index (OSDI). The risk of bias of the selected studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The meta-analysis showed a significant association between dry eye disease and psoriasis (OR, 8.49; 95% CI, 3.34–21.58). Moreover, patients with psoriasis had a significantly lower Schirmer I test score (MD, −2.80; 95% CI, −4.07 to −1.52), shorter TBUT (MD, −4.12; 95% CI, −5.22 to −3.02), and higher OSDI (MD, 20.15; 95% CI, 6.24–34.05; <i>p</i> < 0.01), compared to controls. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The current evidence supports an association between dry eye disease and psoriasis. These results suggest ophthalmologic assessment for the early recognition and management of dry eye in patients with psoriasis.
Introduction To evaluate the outcomes of intravitreal aflibercept injections for retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP) according to disease stage. Methods This retrospective chart review included 68 eyes of 53 individuals diagnosed as having RAP and 109 neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) eyes of 109 patients as controls. All patients received intravitreal injections of aflibercept in a real-world setting. The main outcome measures were the changes in the mean of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) as well as the total number of injections received during the 3-year follow-up period. Results The average BCVA and CRT changes in eyes affected by RAP and the controls at 3 years were non-significant. Both populations received a similar number of injections. After 3 years of treatment, patients with RAP had visual decline despite stable anatomical outcomes. Approximately 50% of the eyes with stage II RAP exhibited significant BCVA decline at the end of the third year. Among those eyes that had deteriorated BCVA, persistently worsening BCVA and thinning CRT were observed from year 2 to year 3. Conclusion Similar to treating nAMD, intensive injections or aggressive treatment strategies are required to treat RAP to achieve optimal visual outcomes in a real-world setting. The response to aflibercept treatment at the second year is associated with the final visual outcome of eyes with stage II RAP lesions.
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